tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58650965161068414212024-02-10T08:01:31.740+01:00Europe & LibyaLIBYA:
news, politics, economy, business, society, custom & habits, religion all that seen frm Italian businessman resident in Libya sice 1997Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.comBlogger281125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-31271520126764687062017-11-04T17:32:00.006+01:002017-11-04T17:32:52.802+01:00K. HAFTER Nov2017 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Ex-general accused of war crimes is being groomed by EU leaders to become Libya's next strong man. What could go wrong?
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From
a security standpoint, the presence of certain heavily armed militant
factions in post-2011 Libya deeply unsettles European governments.
Although Daesh (ISIS) lost its stronghold in Sirte at the hands of
Misratan militias in late 2016, Daesh remains a relevant force in Libya,
underscored by its <a href="http://www.gulf-times.com/story/568728/Islamic-State-claims-deadly-attack-on-Libyan-check" target="_blank">killing</a> of two Libyan National Army (LNA) soldiers at a checkpoint near Ajdabiya on October 25. Other extremist militias such as <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-19744533" target="_blank">Libya Shield</a>, <a href="https://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/266560.htm" target="_blank">Ansar al Sharia in Benghazi</a>, <a href="https://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/266560.htm" target="_blank">Ansar al Sharia in Darnah</a>, and <a href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-qaeda-islamic-maghreb" target="_blank">Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> have also contributed to fears of Libya becoming a hub for global terrorists to plot attacks against Europe.<br />
Since
Libya’s bifurcation in mid-2014, Haftar and the LNA, loyal to the
Tobruk-based House of Representatives (HoR), have received foreign
support from Russia and several Arab states to the east of Libya. Yet
Haftar—despite refusing to recognize the UN-backed Government of
National Accord (GNA) in Tripoli as Libya’s legitimate government—has
worked to convince Western powers that he represents Libya’s most
realistic hope for a stable and secular future. It appears that such
efforts have been paying off politically as more European statesmen have
made moves which serve to legitimize Haftar.<br />
More than any other
Western government, France, which mainly sees the Libyan crisis through a
counterterrorism prism, has directly and indirectly supported Haftar.
Despite the International Criminal Court’s <a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/icc-warrant-khalifa-haftar-ally-mahmoud-al-werfalli-170815163741360.html" target="_blank">warrant</a>
for Mahmoud Mustafa Busayf al Werfalli (a Libyan general who serves in
the LNA) on war crimes charges, Paris has worked closely with Haftar’s
most important Arab state sponsors—Egypt and the UAE—to provide the LNA
with support. Last year, officials in Paris <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-france/france-says-three-soldiers-died-in-accident-on-libya-intelligence-mission-idUSKCN1000R3" target="_blank">admitted</a>
that three French soldiers died conducting an "intelligence-gathering
mission" near Benghazi, which experts saw as further evidence of French
help for the LNA.<br />
On July 27, President Emmanuel Macron hosted
talks between Haftar and the GNA’s head, Fayes al Serraj, to break
Libya’s political impasse. Leaders of the rival Tripoli and Tobruk-based
governments <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/25/middleeast/libya-paris-talks/index.html" target="_blank">signed</a>
a 10-point statement, committing both to holding a ceasefire and
national elections “as soon as possible.” Yet in the eyes of many
Libyans, including <a href="https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2017/8/3/libya-is-france-paving-the-way-to-haftars-return" target="_blank">Guma el Gamaty</a>,
the meeting in Paris provided Haftar with more potential to achieve a
“takeover” of Libya by way of an election at a time when the ex-CIA
asset is enjoying more popularity. There is growing suspicion that
France’s underlying goal is to work with Egypt and the Gulf Cooperation
Council (GCC) states to establish Haftar as Libya’s new dictator.<br />
By
virtue of geography, Italy has had to engage Libya on migration and
terrorism issues. Rome—more than any other Western capital—has backed
the GNA and opposed moves to legitimize Haftar politically. Yet within
Italy’s leadership there has not been a consensus on the question of
what role Haftar should play in Libya’s future and how Rome should
engage the “renegade general.”<br />
Signalling a possible shift in Italy’s policy, In September Haftar <a href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1167981/middle-east" target="_blank">met</a> with Italy’s Defence Minister, Roberta Pinotti, and Italian security chiefs in Rome. Mattia Toaldo expertly <a href="https://www.thelocal.it/20170927/italy-security-chiefs-meet-libyan-military-strongman-haftar" target="_blank">posited</a>
that Haftar’s visit to Rome illustrated the growing influence of
Interior Minister Marco Minniti, who joins other voices in Italy’s
government in advocating that Italy and Haftar establish more
cooperative relations to tackle the numerous issues facing
Italian-Libyan relations.<br />
Under the banner of fighting “terror,”
the United Kingdom has supported Haftar too. In August, British Foreign
Secretary Boris Johnson <a href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/boris-johnson-meets-libyan-renegade-general-khalifa-haftar-510069746" target="_blank">visited</a>
Haftar in Benghazi and credited the LNA with combatting “umpteen
militias… in lawless areas of Libya.” London’s chief diplomat urged
Libya’s strongman to adhere to the Paris ceasefire and to work with the
UN to achieve peace in Libya. Yet Johnson’s Benghazi visit was
illustrative of the West’s shift toward recognizing Haftar.<br />
The
West’s growing recognition of Haftar as a political force to contend
with in Libya stems from the GNA’s failure to govern Libyan territory
beyond certain parts of Tripoli in contrast to the HoR/LNA’s control of
roughly <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/25/khalifa-haftar-libyan-general-accused-of-human-rights-abuses" target="_blank">half</a>
of the North African country. At the same time, given how little
appetite there is among the US and European public for the deployment of
Western forces to Arab countries to fight wars and battles on the
ground, the Europeans are looking for local actors in the Middle East
and North Africa to engage in the bloodiest of battles against militant
radicals such as Daesh.<br />
Haftar appeals to powers in the East and
the West who see him as a strongman capable of creating an effective
bulwark against violent extremism in Libya. Clearly the LNA’s ousting of
militant forces from Libyan cities has been received well in other Arab
states, plus Russia and Europe too, where leaders are hedging their
bets and not expecting the UN-backed GNA to succeed. Yet with the LNA
accused of <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/03/22/libya-war-crimes-benghazi-residents-flee" target="_blank">war crimes</a>, there are certainly moral costs associated with supporting the “renegade general.”<br />
Moreover,
if Haftar wages a bloody campaign to usurp control of Tripoli as the
next step in establishing a military dictatorship over the entire
country, would this actually defuse the threats of radicalism and
address the widespread despair that provides terrorist groups with the
necessary oxygen to sustain their violence? To say the least, that
appears highly doubtful. In devising a comprehensive approach to tackle
the numerous challenges that the Libyan conflict poses to Europe,
Western governments must consider the implications of Haftar becoming
Libya’s next strongman and be careful about their actions’ potential to
accelerate such a development.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-23852832820246177762017-11-02T07:49:00.000+01:002017-11-03T07:13:15.966+01:00SEIF E LIBIA?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">È intenzione di Saif al-Islam Gheddafi immediatamente assumere la presidenza?</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Su </span></span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Libya against superpowermedia </span></span><a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftn1" id="_ftnref1" name="_ftnref1"><sup><b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[1]</span></span></b></sup></a></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> un notevole articolo di Richard Galustian era </span></span><a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftn2" id="_ftnref2" name="_ftnref2"><sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[2</span></span></sup></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> pubblicato. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Galustian
suggerisce ciò che si è verificato dopo il fallimento di tutti i negoziati,
si avvicina ad un piano in cinque punti interessanti per la Libia. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Una breve versione:</span></span></div>
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<li><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Le Nazioni Unite dovrebbero fare le valigie e lasciare il palco libico. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Dopo sei anni di loro fallimento, hanno zero credibilità tra i libici.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">I Fratelli Musulmani deve essere classificato come organizzazione terroristica. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">i membri del LIFG devono essere esclusi dal diritto di partecipare alla vita politica.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">L'embargo sulle armi contro la LNA deve essere sollevato per consentire generale Heftar può combattere i jihadisti.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Prima di tenere elezioni nel 2018 o 2019 tecnocrati devono essere formati. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Come primo ministro, sarebbe Mahmoud Dschibril </span></span><a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftn3" id="_ftnref3" name="_ftnref3"><sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[3]</span></span></sup></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> e Abu Zaid Omar Dorda </span></span><a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftn4" id="_ftnref4" name="_ftnref4"><sup><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[4]</span></span></sup></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> in considerazione. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">I posti ministeriali dovrebbero prendere per persone qualificate dal parlamento a Tobruk.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Saif al-Islam dovrebbe essere nominato per il presidente "costituzionale"; </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">come una figura unificante, senza potere esecutivo, bravo nel suo lato consiglieri tecnocratiche. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Questo è importante per miteinzubinden le tribù e la popolazione normale. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Perché Saif al-Islam popolarità è fuor di dubbio.</span></span></li>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">I jihadisti devono lasciare il paese per la Turchia, che ha un governo dei Fratelli Musulmani. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Aggiungendo se il tutto a causa della debolezza delle Nazioni Unite e l'UE solo con l'aiuto di Donald Trump.</span></span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Galustian
teme che - la Libia non deve essere stabilizzata presto - questo
richiederà un effetto domino catastrofico sui paesi del Nord Africa,
probabilmente in Tunisia, hanno prima.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Si Prepara Saif al-Islam Gheddafi ad un'offensiva Tripoli?</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Un articolo </span></span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">libyatimes </span></span><a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftn5" id="_ftnref5" name="_ftnref5"><sup><b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[5]</span></span></b></sup></a></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> è preoccupato con i piani di Saif al-Islam Gheddafi. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Si dice che Saif al-Islam Gheddafi si stava preparando a Tripoli offensivo. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Saif al-Islam ha avuto campo militare nella zona Wirschefana dove </span></span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">si affollano </span></span>i combattenti da tutto il paese . </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Anche all'interno della capitale ha avuto sostenitori, per i quali sarebbe possibile aprirgli porte. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Così potrebbe avere successo la cattura incruenta di Tripoli.</span></span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Tuttavia,
la questione se Saif al-Islam in realtà intende militarmente occupare
Tripoli, dal momento che avrebbe potuto vincere qualsiasi elezione
facilmente immaginare. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Tutti
i libici avrebbero rispettato la nuova Libia 'le forze politiche
attuali, che hanno la colpa per il disastro in corso, completamente
disilluso. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Le grandi tribù
della Libia sono sostenitori maturati dal vecchio regime - e
rappresentano la stragrande maggioranza degli elettori.</span></span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Ma come potrebbero consentire le potenze occidentali che la Libia </span></span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">restituisce a </span></span>Gheddafi al potere ? </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Come potrebbe giustificare il bilancio delle vittime fornito loro nei loro paesi se ora tutto è tornato come una volta? </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Così Gheddafi potrebbe rimanere l'ultima scelta per far valere la sua pretesa di potere verso l'Occidente con la forza.</span></span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">In Libia ci sono due movimenti Jamahiriya, anche la nuova fondazione </span></span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Fronte Popolare per la Liberazione della Libia</span></span></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> e il Movimento </span></span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">libico Movimento Nazionale del Popolo</span></span></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , nella maggior parte ha raccolto quelli vecchia guardia'. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Saif al-Islam, deve anche essere in grado di tenere insieme questi due movimenti.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Saif al-Islam Gheddafi e il mandato di cattura internazionale</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Il quotidiano </span></span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">al-Bayan </span></span><a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftn6" id="_ftnref6" name="_ftnref6"><b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[6]</span></span></b></a></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">
ha riferito che cercano parti sia internazionali e regionali per
convincere il Consiglio di sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite dal lasciare
seguire la decisione, Saif al-Islam Gheddafi penalmente ritirarsi. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Questo gli avrebbe permesso di partecipare in Libia nel processo politico. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Fonti diplomatiche hanno confermato all'unanimità che Saif al-Islam è sostenuto da una maggioranza significativa. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Se questo non viene preso in considerazione, ciò porterebbe alla prosecuzione della crisi attuale. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">La
maggior parte dei ceppi sia nel Sud e in Occidente e nella regione
centrale così come alcune tribù e membri della legislatura in Oriente
hanno promesso Saif al-Islam pubblicamente il loro sostegno.</span></span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Solo i gruppi jihadisti sarebbero andati contro Saif al-Islam Gheddafi.</span></span></div>
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<b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Nel portare la pace in Libia non c'è modo per Saif al-Islam Gheddafi di condurre al passato</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Qualora
l'Occidente e in particolare l'UE siano in realtà pronti ti a una pacificazione della Libia, non c'è modo di Saif al-Islam
Gheddafi per passare davanti. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Questa è una pillola amara da ingoiare i neo-colonialisti. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Ma
sarebbe ancora più amara quando il caos in Libia e la minaccia
jihadista destabilizzato non solo i vicini africani della Libia, a
non portare l'elevato numero di migranti con gli attacchi islamici quindi i governi europei, l'UE nel suo insieme, a vacillare.</span></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftnref1" id="_ftn1" name="_ftn1"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[1]</span></span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> https://libyaagainstsuperpowermedia.org/2017/10/27/the-solution-for-libya/</span></span></div>
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<a class="highlighted" href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftnref2" id="_ftn2" name="_ftn2"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[2]</span></span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> Richard Galustian è un analista economico e di sicurezza che soggiorna in Libia dal 2011</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftnref3" id="_ftn3" name="_ftn3"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[3]</span></span></a> <b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> Mahmoud Jibril</span></span></b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> : iniziata sotto Fondo di sviluppo economico del Paese di Gheddafi. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Combattuto per una liberalizzazione dell'economia libica. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Registrato nel 2011 presto gli insorti ed era in transizione ministri degli esteri del Consiglio. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Oggi è la</span></span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> festa dell'Alleanza delle forze nazionali</span></span></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> prima (Forze Alleanza Nazionale Partito).</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftnref4" id="_ftn4" name="_ftn4"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[4]</span></span></a> <b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> Abu Zaid Omar Dorda</span></span></b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">
: sotto Gheddafi ministro degli esteri, il primo ministro 1997-2003
inviato in Libia presso le Nazioni Unite, il presidente della
Commissione Infrastrutture e capo dei servizi segreti esteri libico. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Dopo l'assassinio di Gheddafi, è stato imprigionato a Tripoli per marzo 2017 prigione di al-Hadba.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftnref5" id="_ftn5" name="_ftn5"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[5]</span></span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> http://www.libyatimes.net/news/56-exclusive-saif-s-last-stand</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.freitag.de/autoren/gela/saif-al-islam-gaddafi-und-libyens-zukunft#_ftnref6" id="_ftn6" name="_ftn6"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">[6]</span></span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> https://rcmlibya.wordpress.com/2017/10/26/saif-al-islam-returns-to-politics-in-libya/</span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-3451190052806866792017-11-02T07:43:00.000+01:002017-11-02T07:43:45.036+01:00Why Libya Needs a Makeover of Its Peace Deal 31<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The currency crisis is undermining Prime Minister Fayez al-Serraj’s efforts to unite a country fractured by five years of conflict following the 2011 ouster of Muammar al-Qaddafi.</span></h4>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Photographer: Abdullah Doma/AFP via Getty Images</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libya’s fundamental challenge since the 2011 downfall of Muammar Qaddafi was supposed to have been overcome: competing seats of power acting on their own. But a United Nations-brokered 2015 peace</span><a href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/libya/libyan-political-agreement-time-reset" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">accord</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> created a unity government in name more than in reality, and today Libya is effectively partitioned. So now the UN is having another go, holding talks aimed at an improved agreement. The negotiations will be tortuous. Adding urgency to the search for a deal are a collapsing economy, a resurgence of Islamic State in the country, and the plight of tens of thousands of refugees stuck in Libya or</span><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-02-21/inside-the-deadly-pirate-corridor-where-migrants-escape-to-europe" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">awaiting perilous</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> sea journeys to Europe.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. What’s different this time?</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In essence, the UN’s</span><a href="https://unsmil.unmissions.org/remarks-srsg-salam%C3%A9-high-level-event-libya" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">new plan</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> aspires to be more inclusive. Unveiled by UN envoy to Libya Ghassan Salame in September, it seeks to amend the 2015 pact -- known as the Libyan Political Agreement -- by engaging not just Libya’s two rival legislatures but also armed factions and civil society groups that were marginalized before. A month-long round in Tunis ended Oct. 21 with no date set for the next. If the parties reach a broad agreement, a national conference would be convened to select candidates for reconfigured executive bodies. Salame aims to deliver, within a year, a schedule for a referendum on a new constitution that’s still being drafted, as well as legislative and presidential elections.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Why did the first agreement fail?</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The deal was intended to merge two rival administrations -- one based in the capital Tripoli, the other to the east in Tobruk -- and rebuild state institutions. But it excluded powerful players, including some of the militias that led the uprising that toppled Qaddafi, and critics said it smacked of a solution imposed by the international community. One of its most contentious components was Article 8, which required all top officials to step down once the agreement came into force. And the pact failed to address the knotty issue of who would lead the national army. The eastern leadership, including influential military commander Khalifa Haftar, who now controls some of Libya’s biggest oil facilities, has refused to endorse it. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Did negotiators make progress in Tunis?</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Not really. Saad Ben Shrada, a member of the Tripoli legislature, said delegates did agree on scaling down the Presidential Council -- the executive body that is supposed to fulfill the functions of the head of state and which is currently led by Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj. It will go from nine members to three, one drawn from each of Libya’s main geographical regions. But there was no accord on how they would be selected, he said. Others described a lack of flexibility among key players. Another Tripoli legislator, Omar Bshah, summed up difficulties presented by the expanded participation: “When you satisfy old spoilers, new ones appear.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Where does this leave the unity government?</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sarraj’s Government of National Accord, established in Tripoli in early 2016, has struggled to make much headway. Without armed forces under his direct control, the prime minister has had to rely on allied militias to achieve his few victories -- such as driving Islamic State from the coastal city of Sirte. The militant group has since made inroads elsewhere in Libya, presenting a major security risk for the country and its neighbors. Sarraj has also been widely blamed for a slumping economy. He will probably stay on as the search continues for a new framework, despite disagreements over whether his mandate remains valid.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5. Can Haftar seize power?</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The former</span><a href="http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/06/how-to-contain-libyas-new-warlord-khalifa-haftar/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Qaddafi-era officer</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> shows no signs of backing down. He gained greater political legitimacy after a Paris-brokered</span><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-07-26/libya-peace-deal-must-survive-shift-from-chateau-to-battlefield" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">meeting</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> with Sarraj in July, and has been working to portray himself as the only man capable of leading a united Libya. The opposition to him is splintered and unlikely to present a comparable challenger. Haftar’s backers have launched a petition in the east promoting him as the future president. However, to win an election, he’d have to win over major parts of Libya’s center and west, home to 70 percent of the population, many of whom despise him for his previous allegiance with the Qaddafi regime. It’s unlikely Haftar could rally the armed forces he’d need to seize control of the country.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">6. What’s at stake?</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Six years of fighting have exacted a heavy toll on Libya, which sits atop Africa’s largest proven reserves of crude oil, its main source of revenue. In August, the central bank</span><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-29/libya-central-bank-issues-revenue-warning-over-oil-disruption" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">estimated</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> that shutdowns of oil production facilities over the past three years had cost the nation more than $160 billion. Gross domestic product will be</span><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-29/libya-central-bank-issues-revenue-warning-over-oil-disruption" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> around</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> $13.9 billion in 2017, or about 15 percent of its 2012 levels, according to the central bank. Services such as health, education and electricity have been hit, and delays in paying state salaries have fueled anger. Libya’s breakdown has also resonated far beyond its borders, with the chaos enabling a booming smuggling network that trades in people, drugs and weapons.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Reference Shelf</span></h3>
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<a href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/libya/restoring-un-leadership-libyas-peace-process" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The International Crisis Group’s</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> analysis of the ongoing U.N.-backed efforts.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/chronology/libya.php" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Security Council Report</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> chronology of key events in Libya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Testimony about Libya’s chaos by Carnegie Endowment for International Peace fellow</span><a href="http://carnegieendowment.org/2017/04/25/crisis-in-libya-next-steps-and-u.s.-policy-options-pub-68755" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Frederic Wehrey</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> before the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bloomberg chart showing Libya oil output fluctuations.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Guide to the</span><a href="http://www.ecfr.eu/page/-/Lybias_Main_Players.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">main players</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> in Libya’s political arena.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/view/quicktake/libyas-breakdown" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">QuickTake</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> explainer on Libya.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-19948109521062014242017-10-27T10:31:00.002+02:002017-10-27T10:31:55.801+02:00TAHER ALSUNI INTERVIEW 27.10.2018<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">El-Sonni: Stable Libya 'five to 10 years' away</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">With three rival governments and the reluctant host to thousands of migrants making their way to Europe, Libya is in chaos. Will it ever unite for democracy? Taher El-Sonni meets Tim Sebastian on Conflict Zone.</span></div>
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<a href="https://twitter.com/tahersonni?lang=en" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Taher El-Sonni</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> on Conflict Zone</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"It is something that [a government cannot] easily handle on its own, even if we are united. It needs support from all over," El-Sonni told </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Conflict Zone</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, regarding his country's many troubles.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Six years on from the revolution that overthrew the decades-long dictatorship of Colonel Gaddafi, Libya's problems can hardly be overstated: with no legitimate central government, violence common and terrorism a continual threat, the conclusion of many - including in recent months France’s Foreign Minister - is that Libya is a failed state.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">One million people in waiting</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On top of all this, the main route for African migrants heading to Europe is through Libya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The situation of migrants crossing Libya was appalling during Gaddafi's era, but</span><a href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22039" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">it has become diabolical since," said Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, in September.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">While stating his desire to establish centers to process migrants in Libya before people took</span><a href="http://www.dw.com/en/italy-mulls-sending-navy-into-libyan-waters-to-stop-migrants/a-39866973" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">"crazy risks when they are not all eligible for asylum"</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Emmanuel Macron in July put the number waiting to cross the Mediterranean there at between 800,000 and 1 million people. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fewer migrants have died crossing the Mediterranean in 2017 than at the same time last year, but deaths in proportion to people successfully making the journey to Europe have almost doubled</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For those that did manage to set off from Libya's coast, their treatment at the hands of the country's coastguard also came under fire from Al Hussein: "Like the militias onshore, [they] also sometimes beat, rob and even shoot the migrants they intercept." </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Was this a situation El-Sonni – who worked for the UN for 17 years, specializing in crisis management – recognized?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"We don't shoot migrants. What we're doing is trying to apply our sovereign rules and regulations and by saving their lives and bringing them back. This is an international agreement. This is an EU-Libya agreement."</span></div>
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<a href="https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/19163/EU-Libya%20relations" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The EU's SOPHIA military operation</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, which involves the Libyan navy and coastguard, aims to "identify, capture and dispose of vessels and enabling assets used or suspected of being used by migrant smugglers or traffickers" in the Southern Central Mediterranean.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The EU says SOPHIA has saved 40,000 lives off the coast of Libya since it began in June 2015.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But there is grave concern too from the UN and NGOs for the lives of those thousands of migrants stranded in Libya.</span></div>
<a href="http://www.msf.org/en/article/libya-open-letter-european-governments-are-feeding-business-suffering" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Dr Joanne Liu, International President of Medecins Sans Frontieres</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, also in September wrote that the "detention of migrants and refugees in Libya is rotten to the core. It must be named for what it is: a thriving enterprise of kidnapping, torture and extortion."</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-14863510163801424272017-10-22T15:54:00.001+02:002017-10-22T15:54:26.674+02:006 YRS AFTER GADDAFI<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The six years since the Libyan people's successful uprising to end</span><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/topics/people/muammar-gaddafi.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Muammar Gaddafi</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">'s rule have seen the country divided between rival governments, various armed groups, ethnic militias, and a renegade general.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A once united rebel front has now broken into innumerable armed factions loyal to their home cities, political or religious ideology, or foreign backers. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libya Today: From Arab Spring to failed state</span></h4>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The conflict has claimed the lives of thousands of fighters and civilians alike, slowed the country's economic development, and given space for groups, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (</span><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/topics/organisations/isis-isil.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">ISIL</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">) group, to establish a toehold in the country.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Regional powers, such Egypt and the UAE have become deeply involved in the country's complex conflict by backing renegade General Khalifa Haftar, and carrying out air raids against his opponents.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The country's deterioration has led many inside and out of the country to question whether the country</span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/regrets-of-a-revolution-libya-after-qaddafi/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> was better off</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> during Gaddafi's 42-year-long reign.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16.5pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">'Dream of return'</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For one group, however, there is no hint of regret over the late leader's demise.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The self-styled "Brother Leader" left little room for dissenting political expression, and those who dared align themselves with opposition political movements risked imprisonment or death.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Spurred by the atmosphere of repression, thousands of Libyans fled the country seeking new homes in other Arab states or further afield in Europe or the US. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">They included members of the</span><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/topics/organisations/muslim-brotherhood.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Muslim Brotherhood</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, monarchists, and leftists.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Most spent decades in exile and expected never to see their homeland again, until the uprising of 2011, during which thousands returned to their country to join the rebel cause.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Alhamdulillah (thank God), I got the opportunity to go and I partook in what was happening," said Belal Ballali, a British resident of Libyan origin, referring to the 2011 revolution.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ballali and his family fled the country after his father was placed on a wanted list by the Libyan government and spent the following 32 years in exile, living between Scotland and the central English city of Birmingham.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For much of that period, Ballali did not believe the former regime's rule would ever end and thought Gaddafi would end up dying a natural death.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"We used to dream about going back to Libya and that was always high in our hopes but to think that Gaddafi would be gone in the way he went was unexpected," he said, adding his first inkling of hope came after the Arab uprisings that began in late 2010.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"To see what happened in Tunisia and in Egypt, there was obviously hope there but the reality was that due to his known brutality- he had crushed opposition in the past- I didn't think that this would ever materialise."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The dream did materialise, thanks in part to a NATO-led aerial campaign against Gaddafi forces, which saw the capital, Tripoli, fall to the rebels a little over six months after the uprising began. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gaddafi fled to his stronghold of Sirte, but surrounded by rebels and hunted by NATO aircraft, an attempt to break out of the city in a large convoy failed with fatal consequence for the leader.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">His killing was followed by a sense of optimism for Ballali but Libya's rebuilding process broke down several years after Gaddafi's death, fuelled by an abundant supply of weapons and young men without the prospect of a job due to the country's war-battered economy. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The division and the chaos didn't come directly after the death of Gaddafi or the success of the revolution...it was only when General Khalifa Haftar had his failed coup in Tripoli that he initiated the battles in Benghazi and the situation in Libya quickly began to deteriorate</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Belal Ballali, former Libyan exile</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"I felt relief that this could be the end of the war, that there would be no more bloodshed, and (there would be) hope, hope for the future."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The investigative researcher in his early forties said Gaddafi's death was not the direct reason for today's division and trouble in Libya and instead blamed the ambitions of renegade General Khalifa Haftar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The division and the chaos didn't come directly after the death of Gaddafi or the success of the revolution," he said.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"For a period of two and a half years, there was relative security given the number of guns on the street and generally speaking people were quite happy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"It was only when General Khalifa Haftar had his failed coup in Tripoli that he initiated the battles in Benghazi and the situation in Libya quickly began to deteriorate."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">'Patriotism'</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libyan diaspora communities are replete with similar stories and sentiments.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mohamed Mukhtar's family fled Libya in 1999 during a wave of arrest by the Gaddafi regime and settled in the northern English city of Manchester.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Imbued by what he described as a feeling of patriotism and a yearning to return to his homeland a free man, he joined the rebel cause shortly after the uprising began.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Unlike Ballali, however, Mukhtar was certain a struggle to overthrow Gaddafi would eventually happen long before the 2011 revolution.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Because I was brought up in a household that was strongly opposed to Gaddafi, we would always go to protests in London against the regime," he said, adding: "I really believed that regime had to go sooner or later, whether I was 20 years old or 50, I really wanted to be part of that.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Libya is my eternal home, I was really moved by the oppression of my people, I wanted to achieve great goals and there is nothing greater than freeing your people."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Like Ballali, Mukhtar blamed the "greedy" ambitions of politicians and foreign meddling after the revolution for ruining the transition to democracy. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I would tell those who think it was better under Gaddafi that if they were to taste one month under the Gaddafi regime, I'm 100 percent sure they would review that claim and take the side of the revolution.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mohamed Mukhtar, former Libyan rebel</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nevertheless, he insisted those who said Libya was better under Gaddafi had no appreciation of the scale of repression under his rule.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"I would tell those who think it was better under Gaddafi that if they were to taste one month under the Gaddafi regime, I'm 100 percent sure they would review that claim and take the side of the revolution.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The solution [to the ongoing crisis] isn't to bring Gaddafi back, it's to remember why we had a revolution in the first place"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For Ballali, despite the pain of seeing the ongoing carnage in his country, the troubles Libya is experiencing do not nullify the necessity of removing Gaddafi and he remains a strong believer in the uprising.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"I believe the revolution was a success, however, the extraction of a bad tooth will always be painful.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"But it still has to be extracted and Gaddafi had to be extracted."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">END</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-2620110829386333142017-10-11T12:46:00.001+02:002017-10-11T12:46:09.983+02:00FRENCH ATTITUDE TOWARD LIBYA - Oct 2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Let me explain the aims of France on Libya's oil</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 20pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The NATO mission in Libya, is not new, it was commissioned by the French government of President</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Nicolas Sarkozy</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> who, a few days after the outbreak of the riots, asked for an urgent meeting of the Security Council of the United Nations to take appropriate measures against the suppression of uprisings by theregime. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Muammar Gheddafi</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A diligence, for many, due to reasons dictated by mere internal calculations rather than real will to put an end to the bloody action implemented by the Rais. The upcoming elections and popularity in the drastic drop in the President, the need to broaden the oil slice across the Alps and the will to put an end to the "annoying" treaty of friendship and 2008 Italian-Libyan cooperation are some of the aims that prompted France to act in Libya. It should take a step back. Tensions between the colonel and Paris are long-standing, just remember the contrasts in the long war of Chad, continued in the eighties and culminated in the attack of 1989 against the DC 10 of the French company Uta, exploded in the skies over Niger, killing 170 people.</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The arrival of Sarkozy at the Elysee seemed to herald a new phase opening with the countries of the Southern Mediterranean and also with Libya. Emblematic of the role played by the French president, and then-wife Cecilia, for the release of five Bulgarian nurses sentenced first to death and then to life imprisonment on charges of infecting 400 children with the HIV virus at the hospital El -Fathi Benghazi. The nurses after eight years in captivity, were released in July 2007 thanks to the mediation of the Elysee couple who had visited Libya several times to talk to Gaddafi and his beloved daughter Aisha. The game was won by France against </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Romano Prodi</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> who had spent to seek a diplomatic solution "to the incident". A few months after Gaddafi had planted, including thousands of controversy, its Berber tent in front of the Elysee, signing contracts worth over $ 10 billion that would have allowed France to sell an entire fleet fighter, manufactured by French aeronautics giant Dassault and a mega investment to build nuclear power plants in Tripoli and surroundings. In the wake of mended relations between France and Gaddafi Paribas had acquired at the end of 2010, 19% of the Sahara Libyan Bank, a rise of the BNP Paribas French subsidiary's capital in Libya equal to 146% of the previous funds available and guaranteeing transactions. On the other hand, there is little to be surprised. France sells arms to Gaddafi since the seventies, as indeed many other countries, including Italy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In January of 1970 Paris signed a contract with the Tripoli government for the provision of a mirage jets. It was the beginning of a fruitful relationship, with ups and downs, has gone on for many years. However, there were still clutches. Libya did not give up intervening in African disputes, often in anti-french key, from the conflict in Sierra Leone until the conciliation interventions in Darfur, Kenya, Niger and Mali. Despite diplomatic efforts, the Rais had refused to enter the great French Union for the Mediterranean, considered a form of new colonialism. Not only that, the Libyan leader had not honored the agreements of 2007, preferring to respect the Italy-Libya treaty, by which pocketed annual checks for $ 250 million to spend on infrastructure, for the benefit of Italian companies.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet Sarkozy had tried everything, even involving the UAE, willing to train Libyan pilots for the French aircraft Rafale and co-fund the operation of renewing its fleet with the already mentioned Dassault.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There would be, then, the issue of pan-African currency. In one of the emails sent to </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hillary Clinton, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">and published by the US State Department on December 31, 2015, the official Sidney Blumenthal revealed, among other things, that Gaddafi wanted to replace the CFA franc, which is used in 14 former colonies, with a ' other coin pan-African initiative that would have risked creating economic independence of North Africa with the new currency. Another possible reason French interventionism emerge years after the death of Nasser. On March 6, 2015, the former interior minister, Claude Gueant, one of the closest collaborators of Nicolas Sarkozy, was placed in custody as part of investigations into the alleged financing of presidential campaign that brought Gaddafi to "Sarko" all 'Eliseo in 2007. Perhaps this is why the colonel, Become aware stabbed in the back, in an interview with Fausto Biloslavo in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Il Giornale</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> few months before he was killed, he said: "I think Sarkozy has a problem of mental disorder. He said the things that can pop out only by a madman. " Finally, to have given further impetus French intervention in Libya was probably the desire of France to strengthen its political influence in the region, promoting the image of a country not in collusion with the old autocrats, but ready to invest in demands for freedom and democracy of the people "on the southern shore."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On the other hand Paris had lost little time in Egypt and Tunisia, the lintels of their diplomatic strategy. What better occasion of Libya to recover credit in the Mediterranean on the boil? Maybe it should not venture too in other conjectures, but in any case, the examples could continue. This is enough, however, to understand French motives. The proof is that already on April 13, 2011 (ie before the death of Gaddafi) Sarkozy had received secretly General of the NTC, Fatah Younis - killed in Benghazi in still unclear circumstances in July 2011 - probably to discuss guarantees for future energy contracts. Conti at hand is much simpler: before hostilities began producing oil in Libya amounted to almost a million and 600,000 barrels a day, about 2% of world production. Of these about 52% was in the hands of 35 international companies, led by Italy's Eni, which in 2010 had excelled, with its 267,000 barrels per day, on Germany's Wintershall and Total, the French firm, respectively, to 79,000 and 55,000 barrels per day. Not surprisingly, Nicolas Sarkozy, after backing the NTC valiantly in the war of "liberation" of Libya, will be presented soon to ask for the bill under the watchful eye of the managing director of the Total group, Christophe de Margerie. Then the French newspaper</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Libération</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> even talked of an agreement signed by the spokesman of the NTC, Mahmoud Shammam, ready to grant to France on 35% of the new Libyan oil contracts. News then denied by the parties, but at the very least insinuated a doubt.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The rest is recent history. After years of waiting guilty even Hollande's France decided to join the UN plan for the national accord government headed by Fayez al-Sarraj. Again, though, it is difficult to find in the intervention Elysée some consistency, unless you want to interpret in an optical mere national interest. France, with the classic, natural balancing act, at the UN had its willingness to support the Gna, but in the meantime continued to support Haftar and its regional sponsors.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is the daily </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Le Monde</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> to unravel the mystery in February 2015, revealing the existence of French special forces stationed in the base of Benina, near Benghazi, in support of the general Cyrenaica in actions against the Islamic State and other militias Islamists loyal to Tripoli. On the other hand the rapid Haftar army advanced towards Benghazi would not take place except with large external aid of the French (and English), but also Egypt's al-Sisi and at least the Saudis and UAE that in addition to providing weapons, they acted as guarantors on Egyptian payments. It outlined so more and more clearly the role of the French in the axis east of the Libyan conflict: the transalpine weapons, the Egyptian pivot, militias Haftar and guarantees of the Gulf. We could say "chapeau" flourishing business if these were not born on the ashes of collective agreements: UN that France had endorsed.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It now remains to ask the reasons for such diligence. Again just follow the oil route. The goal of the French is to gain access to oil reserves of Cyrenaica, resuming mining activities, widening the radius of those exploration started in 2011 after the fall of Gaddafi, maybe watching a little 'further towards the Sirte basin is full of resources. This is where, in the silence of the desert and away from prying eyes, French companies, as well as American, British, German and Spanish are investing large sums in exploration activities in Brega areas in the Gulf of Sirte, where they would present many British companies, Zillah, which sees a strong French activities, as well as Beida in Cyrenaica and Kufra, just to name a few. Sometimes things are much simpler than you think.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-47215760481451982752017-10-10T10:14:00.000+02:002017-10-10T10:14:15.986+02:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The fragile hope of a new peace process in Libya</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">on 5 October there was a terrorist attack claimed by the Islamic State group in Misurata, Libya. At least four people were killed in the city court, while there was an ongoing process. In a statement taken by the agency of jihadist propaganda Amaq the terrorist group said they wanted to hit "one of the strongholds" of the government of the Libyan National Unity recognized by the international community, led by what the Fayez Serraj.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It was long known that the terrorist group does not put a sign in attacks in the Libyan city. Misrata has been the target of a series of attacks in 2015, and in 2016 it was feared that he might be under attack again after a coalition of militias original city (under the protection of the government of Tripoli)</span><a href="https://www.internazionale.it/video/2016/08/29/battaglia-finale-sirte-libia" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">It has fought for six months</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> against the Is to regain control of Sirte.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Second</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">military</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> sources,the terrorist group is reorganizing to Libya in three areas: south of Sirte, Cyrenaica around the oasis of Kufra, near the Egyptian border and in the Fezzan. "The Islamic State group can not control the territory, but there are sleeper cells in major Libyan cities," explains Mattia Toaldo European council on foreign relations.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For this the end of September US drone, took off from bases in Sicily, some bombed positions of the terrorist group. Without a credible peace project, however, the country seems destined to remain in chaos, torn between dozens of troops and at least two power groups.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The UN's proposal</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On 20 September Ghassan Salamé that August is the UN envoy to Libya,</span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-libya/unveiling-new-libya-plan-u-n-sees-opportunity-for-peace-idUSKCN1BV2RK" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">presented a new plan</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> for peace in the country, ahead of the end of the mandate of the Serraj Fayez to lead the national unity government, which expires in December of 2017. According Salamé "Libyans want a peace process led by themselves "and for that you need to change</span><a href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/north-africa/libya/libyan-political-agreement-time-reset" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">the political agreement</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> signed in Skhirat, Morocco, December 17, 2015, to overcome the rivalry between the parliament and the Tripoli to Tobruk (installed in the east).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libya is in chaos since 2011, after the revolt that led to the fall of Colonel Muammar Gheddafi and the armed intervention of NATO. In the village there are two governments and the two parliaments and dozens of militias vying for control of the territory and its resources. The United Nations has recognized and supported the government in Tripoli, headed by Fayez to Serraj, which has sought to extend its authority, without much success. The legitimacy of the government of Al Serraj is contested primarily by General Khalifa Haftar, head of the Libyan National Army, which claims the parliament in Tobruk, in Cyrenaica, and is expanding its influence in the country with the help of Egypt, United Arab States and Russia (and some good will on the part of France).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As a first step to start the peace process, Salamé wants to convene a table of negotiations in Tunis to draft a Libyan 2015. Amend Later the secretary general of the United Nations may convene a national peace conference put around a table the different Libyan groups that have been excluded or underrepresented in previous peace talks. The goal is to reconnect parliamentarians and political groups excluded from the earlier peace agreement and agree a common approach and deadlines leading to a constitutional referendum and new parliamentary and presidential elections. But doubts about the effectiveness and feasibility of this plan are numerous.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The role of Haftar</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Salamé plan is better than those of the past, believes Mattia Toaldo European council on foreign relations, because it "combines the negotiations between parliamentarians with a national conference, as he called himself, that it should involve civil society and the forces that have so far been marginalized in Libya ". Not all forces are in fact represented in parliament, starting with those who supported the former Gaddafi regime, but still continue to play a fundamental role in the conflict.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Salamé challenge is not so much in Libya, where there is a strong desire for dialogue and peace, but in the other countries of North Africa and the Middle East participating in the negotiations. "One of the problems is Egypt, who may want to call into question the agreement expiring on December 17 and start from scratch. At that point the government Europe could be recognized by several Arab countries in addition to Egypt, as the UAE, "says Toaldo.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is not very clear what is going to Sabrata</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The plan presents several critical points: the interest of the parliamentarians of Cyrenaica who want to maintain the status quo, the December deadline that could be used by Egypt to promote the Cyrenaica, and finally agreements at negotiated at the regional level as well as national, because all countries in the conflict will want to participate in the peace talks. Finally</span><a href="http://espresso.repubblica.it/internazionale/2017/09/19/news/guerra-di-milizie-a-sabratha-ecco-perche-dalla-citta-libica-riparte-il-traffico-dei-migranti-1.310301" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">what it's going on in recent weeks Sabrata</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> "does not bode well" on the national peace plan, according Toaldo. Sabratha, a town seventy kilometers from Tripoli, is one of the main ports of departure of direct migrant boats in Europe and one of the human trafficking centers on the coast: in recent weeks the city has been the scene of fighting several intense intergroup armed its rivals for control of traffic of people.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"It is not very clear what is going to Sabrata: some sources claim that armed groups close to the general Haftar are fighting against the militia of Dabbashi clans, who control most of the town and the traffic in human beings", because they want to in jeopardy</span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/09/25/italy-claims-its-found-a-solution-to-europes-migrant-problem-heres-why-italys-wrong/?utm_term=.f4c85a287b83" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">the Italian intelligence agreements, unveiled by some journalistic</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> investigations,to stop the departures of migrants, says Toaldo. But this version does not seem entirely convincing: "Sabrata is traditionally very hostile to Haftar and it seems hard so that the General can extend its influence in the city and nothing can guarantee to foreign partners. It could just deal of fighting between rival militias </span><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-sabratha/armed-force-claims-victory-in-libyan-migrant-smuggling-hub-idUSKBN1CB15B" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">(as Operation</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> room) that were cut off by the agreement with the Italians on migrants. "</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What you should worry more, adds Toaldo, is the growing influence of Salafis in Sabratha and across Libya. "The Salafists have 28 radio stations throughout Libya, are conquering one by one all the mosques of Tripoli, are very important in the Haftar power structure and are also present in Sirte," explains Toaldo. "What is their plan for the future of Libya and those who finance them is not clear, however, I doubt that they are interested in cooperating to establish a liberal democracy," concludes Toaldo.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-46365482079630704252017-10-08T09:19:00.002+02:002017-10-10T10:11:24.917+02:00NEWS FRM LIBYA 7.10.2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">NEWS FROM LIBYA 7.1.2018</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tensions remain high in southern Tripoli following recent clashes.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Clashes in Sabratah appear to be approaching an end. However, the AIOR supported by the LNA could decide to pursue retreating troops and take control of more territory.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A large IS attack in Misrata is likely to elicit a strong response from Misratan militia groups against IS locations. The incident also demonstrates current IS capabilities and intent to target iconic targets with CPX attacks.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tensions remain elevated along the Zuwara, Sabratah and Zawiyah coastal areas due to a number of issues including a complex security environment involving fuel smuggling and people trafficking.</span></div>
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<u><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Medium to long term outlook</span></u></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The unveiling of a UN sponsored action plan, aimed at resolving the crisis in Libya, is expected to see long term changes in the political and security landscape in the country. Efforts will be made to return all stakeholders to the discussions and push forward a national political constitution. Presidential and Parliamentary elections will be prepared for late-2018.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">GNA President Serraj and LNA Commander Khalifa Haftar, remain central to international stakeholders’ attempts to unify east and west. However, alternative solutions are being pursued by other entities with opposing factions. As factions move closer to a possible deal, tensions are likely to increase inside Libya, and there is potential for some level of fragmentation of their support bases. As a result, new alliances may be formed as progress leaves some with reducing levels of influence.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The remnants of the GNC, which has allegedly benefited from Qatari support, remain politically isolated after losing their footprint in the capital at the end of May. Their last attempt to take territory in the capital by force failed when their fighters were forced from Garabuli on July 11, and support appears to be waning. The threat is assessed to be evolving as the GNC, and associated forces adapt to the changing environment. While intent is assessed to remain, especially for the hardliners, tactics may alter.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There are indications that IS is beginning to regroup in Libya. Some reports suggest fighters from Iraq and Syria are heading to North Africa. The group is reported to be present in some areas south of Sirte, Bani Waled, and Sabratah.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SIGNIFICANT EVENTS</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Governance</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stage one of LPD meetings in Tunis, aimed at agreeing amendments to the LPA, have concluded. The amendments will now be discussed within the HoR and HCS before the committees return in a week from now to begin stage two.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Basit Igtet has responded to allegations that he is closely linked to extremist groups by stating that he does not belong to any particular party. He espouses a moderate Muslim approach and pledges to restore the Libyan identity.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Airport security measures at Matiga Airport in Tripoli are currently high. International staff passing through the airport has been asked to show additional identification cards and handover mobile phones for examination.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Security</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">IS militants launched a complex attack on the Misrata Courts Complex on October 04 involving IEDs and SAF. Four people were killed and around 40 wounded. A VBIED was used in the attack but it did not detonate.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Two elders involved in the national reconciliation process have been shot and killed as they were driving from Mizdah to Bani Waleed. The attacks caused outrage in several areas of the country.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Heavy fighting has continued in Sabratah this week. The LNA has provided support to the Anti-IS Operations Room and, at time of writing, it appears that the group has taken complete control of Sabratah city.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Clashes occurred in Tripoli between Nawasi Bde and Tripoli Revolutionaries’ Brigade (TRB) forces. The situation appears to be resolved in the short term but clashes could reignite in the future.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Basit Igtet has arranged further demonstrations, including another protest in Martyrs’ Square, Tripoli on October 20.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Clashes occurred in southern Tripoli (mainly Qaser Bin Ghashir) involving TRB with al-Kani fighters against a group associated with the former regime.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A vehicle, carrying medical supplies for the International Committee of the Red Cross, was hijacked traveling through Zawiyah towards Sabratah. The vehicle was stolen and the driver assaulted.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Officials in Sabha have threated to close down the Sharara and El Feel oilfields and the GMMR if fuel supplies are not delivered to the area by the weekend.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Benghazi Port officially reopened on October 01.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Oil and gas</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sharara oilfield closed this week following demands from an armed group, involved in guarding the site. The site resumed production on October 04.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The head of the National Oil Corporation has called for the criminalization of groups that disrupt oil production by blocking sites or turning off pipelines.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-38410023037577405142017-10-05T18:51:00.000+02:002017-10-05T18:51:20.046+02:00AMBASSADOR OF ITALY IN LIBYA - interview<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libya. Interview to the Italian Ambassador in Tripoli Giuseppe Perrone, 'the need to de-personalize' policy. Salamè? He has a right approach'</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">October 5, 2017</span><img height="312" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/JUS5Bvxl_GkzsMhPb5vBm6vAnk0lGjv2tzS3Aud5jRkzgUSeGr7xs7GScI1S4TFKSbrTm36_qxvy-uqmFBbTo4SaX9tq3R0W_N4HIM5EZxd0SqkR6eVIxxzOXdAwG_K8yGTCJoA0" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" title="perrone giuseppe 534" width="360" /></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Giuseppe Perrone. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">edited by Vanessa Tomassini for </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">notizie geopolitiche</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The situation in Libya after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi's regime in 2011, is extremely rugged and complex, from all points of view. The first factor that explains its complexity, from a geographical point of view, is the extension of its area, so vast as to make it the fourth African country and the eighteenth in the world for physical dimensions. During its history it has always been considered a single region, but has repeatedly seen the existence of two major territories, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, with different cultures and ideologies completely opposed soventemente. But the invaders, colonizers and dictators, that have occurred over the centuries, have always found it convenient to consider it as one entity. Former Italic colony overlooking the Mediterranean around the Gulf of Sidra, between the tenth and twenty-fifth meridian east. From the political point of view the country is divided into two governments: the Presidential Council of Tripoli, recognized by the international community and headed by Fayez al-Serraj, and the Chamber of representatives of Tobruk, who as president Aguila Saleh Issa. Despite the strength of the Libyan National Army, which failed so far to incorporate all armed militias in Libya, the situation in the country after 2011 is mired in a severe crisis, economic, health and especially security, which happens to be totally absent in some southern areas, where armed clans clash for different reasons with each other. Taking advantage of this chaos, the country has become a breeding ground for the proliferation of the jihadist galaxy ideas, especially Isis and al-Qaeda, as explained by the Libyan general prosecutor Sadek Assour at a recent press conference in the capital, they found refuge in Sahara desert and in different cities. Just yesterday there was the last terrorist attack in the city of Misurata which caused several deaths and about twenty wounded, relief efforts by health authorities field hospital in the same town, run by an Italian mission. The escalation of violence and insecurity have led Western diplomatic missions to leave the country, over the years. Only in January this year Italy has reopened its embassy in Tripoli closed for two years. A signal of friendship to the Libyan people, but also a strong confidence in the stabilization of the country through which passes much of the illegal immigration from the African continent headed towards the Italian coast. From January to date we have been many activities carried out by the Italian diplomatic team on behalf of reconciliation and trying to improve the living conditions of the Libyan people, plagued by innumerable sufferings. In order to fully understand the complexity of all Libyans phenomena, even in relation to recent diplomatic meetings, we reached the ambassador Giuseppe Perrone, with whom we have deepened much of the most interesting and topical points.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Ambasciatore Perrone, What are the activities of our embassy? What active Italian missions in Libya today?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Italian Embassy in Tripoli, being the only Western still present embassy, has a very wide range of activities going on, that we ourselves find it hard to understand, so this is big amount. This is of course to follow the political process so our support, our impetus to the ongoing political dialogue to overcome the division of the fact that there is still in the country, so all initiatives to promote reconciliation, but at the same time, Italy through the embassy in Tripoli, is very committed on the side of promoting stability and security. Of course the initiatives to control illegal migration flows and the fight against human trafficking represent a point very top of our operational agenda. This is an aspect that includes different types of initiatives, from those purely securitarian, aimed at strengthening the capacities of the Libyan security agencies, other initiatives which instead have a character development, designed to support the communities affected by the phenomena of illegality. Italy's presence, as the only Western country to Tripoli, and Libya, is particularly felt and appreciated by the Libyan people. The Embassy, with all its activities concerning the granting of visas yet-input as a single country - and its services to the population is seen as a constant and reliable reference by the Libyan people. As for Italian missions in the country we have a major health mission, humanitarian in the city of Misrata with the field hospital that is still open in the city and provides care and assistance to the wounded. Yesterday there was a terrorist attack and our hospital was quick to provide assistance to those affected by the attack. Then we have the naval mission, which was recently approved by the Italian government and that is here in Tripoli, which is providing substantial support to the Navy and the Libyan coast guard, helping them get back on their feet and to strengthen their ability to exercise sovereignty Libyan in all areas and in all regions of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">country."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-In Libya we know to be a strong lack of security. What does this mean for you and for our officers? Have you ever been in dangerous situations?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">course Libya extreme fragmentation of security still lacking a unified army and working under a chain of command recognizable and attributable to political authority. This brings challenges and problems. It involves episodes of lack of security and a heightened risk of which we are all aware. The Italian Embassy in Libya works with an adequate system of protection and this is part of the political investment that our country does - does it in Libya and does so safely - putting together all that is necessary to enable the diplomatic mission to function. There are definitely situations of risk, but every time they are faced with great professionalism by the staff and in cooperation with relevant departments Libyans who have always ensured collaboration and absolutely effective presence</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">".</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-L'intervento stranger is not always frowned upon by many Libyans. After the news of the approval of Italian naval mission, which mentioned before, we know there have been protests. The recent visit to Rome of General Khalifa Haftar has disappointed anyone?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"It</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">is true that the naval mission was born with a mixed reception, where there have been several criticisms in particular in the east of the country to a foreign interference fear. When we explained pervasively and all stakeholders in the country What was this mission, which was namely to strengthen the sovereignty of Libya rather than weaken it, it is also completely changed his perception. Compared with a message of support to Libya, the welcome we got was extremely favorable and we have already seen much of the important results, giving an essential contribution to the reduction of illegal migration flows to Europe. Yesterday, for example, the first Libyan navy boat came out at sea a long time. We are helping the body of the Libyan defense back on their </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">feet."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- newspaper,followed by other media in the international press as the</span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/25/khalifa-haftar-libyan-general-accused-of-human-rights-abuses" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Guardian has reported about some videos proposed by the American blog Just Security that would demonstrate the strong man's responsibility to Tobruk in different executions, after the conviction of the International Court of Justice of the commander to Werfalli. Do you think there will be a sequel to Haftar?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"A</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">result there will definitely be because there is an ongoing investigation. The charges are very serious and in-depth, and then will evidently explored in their full extent. Who will be involved I do not know to say it to him because I can not prejudge the results of an investigation, but it is certainly very serious investigation that the International Criminal Court - of which Italy is a founding member - before it with the utmost </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">professionalism."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-Of recently, it has been confirmed by our government's full support to the initiative of the United Nations Mission in Libya (UNSMIL). There will be a mission with Italian military in the South?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"No,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">what is provided is a support activity across the board, even for the south of the country, in the belief that illegal immigration can not be contained if action is not taken for the security of the southern borders. The aim of our strategy is just that, namely to strengthen Libyan capacities in control of the southern borders of the country. In this sense, we are working with the system of border guards and all Libyans relevant departments so that there is this qualitative leap in the southern border control capacity, but this does not provide an Italian military presence in Libya, but also to a support Libyan forces and agencies that deal with the control of territory and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">boundaries."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- The Special Representative UNSMIL, Ghassan Salame, opened the political process at all, only excluding the extremists by their own choice. It considers a possible return of Gaddafi family? In particular, Saif al-Islam, Gaddafi's favorite son, as to circumvent the condemnation of the International Court of Justice?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Ghassan </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Salame has adopted the right approach, namely to promote an inclusive process in which all those who want to participate in a sincere and available in comparison with others, are welcomed. Why Libya now needs all, he needs to recover this fragmentation and internal division. As for individuals, not it to him say. As for Mr. Saif al-Islam Gaddafi is on him an international arrest warrant. I saw that Ghassan Salame has made the press an opening speech to all Libyans, including against the former regime followers, but there are international legal procedures that will surely take their </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">course."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Referring to this "open to all", believes that the party "Justice and Construction", which represents the Muslim Brotherhood in Libya, led by Mohamed Sowan, will run for the elections?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"This </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">should ask Mohamed Sowan, but I imagine that an inclusive approach means that all those wishing to participate peacefully and constructively in the political process, the opportunity to do so. Those who are excluded are those who resort to the use of weapons and intend to change the Libyan political scene through the use of violence, or who plan to pursue political goals through military </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">confrontation."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- There is a strong figure for her now able to gather popular support and that of the social authority of the tribes?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"I</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">spersonalizzerei the Libyan policy, which at this time especially needs to find understanding, reconciliation and the ability to confront each other. Even the strongest personalities, who have a large following, arouse the strong resistance in other parts of the country. So, rather than customize, or try to find a solution to the Libyan problem with the task to a single person, we must ensure that the solution emerges from a genuine willingness to compromise and reconciliation between the Libyans, so that that the rules to be defined, they will then be respected by</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">all."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- There is or there is an ongoing debate within the Interior Ministry, if re-open our skies to Libya? Or rather, he believes that will be restored air links with Tripoli in the short term?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"I definitely hope so. This is a priority that is felt at the highest level both from the Italian Government, both the Libyan government and has been clarified several times in the recent Italian-Libyan leaders, and it is an issue that requires technical answers, so that we can arrive at a recovery the direct flights, starting with Italy, because the Libyans have this strong expectation for us. It would be an event of high flow symbolic because it would mark, in some ways, the end of isolation to which the Libyan people, for too long, has been confined. "</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">-The please give us one final question. Any news about the interests claimed by the Italian entrepreneurs in Libya?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Italy </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">is the only country that has explicitly said, through his Foreign Minister, that we do not expect to eternal harmony conditions, or lasting stability, to continue our economic relations with Libya. We intend to do already from the start, of course, in a gradual manner, respecting the safety conditions on the ground. Indeed we are already doing. Italy is the country that more than any other is committed to the resumption of economic cooperation with Libya in the knowledge that economic growth is one of the ingredients of the most decisive factors for the stabilization of the country. Of course we are also aware of past problems, that several Italian entrepreneurs have suffered in Libya, which is why we are also trying with the authorities in the country an overall solution, which can then allow the general economic and commercial ties between our two countries in a manner fully unfold their </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">potential."</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-65995281811977927932017-10-04T16:52:00.000+02:002017-10-04T16:52:05.318+02:00BORIS JOHNSON SACKED FOR LIBYA?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://www.thenational.scot/news/15575096.SNP_call_for_Boris_Johnson_s_resignation_over_shock_Libya_comment/SNP" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.thenational.scot/news/15575096.SNP_call_for_Boris_Johnsons_resignation_over_shock_Libya_comment/SNP call for Boris Johnson's resignation over shock Libya comment</span></a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">THE</span><a href="http://www.thenational.scot/search/?search=SNP&topic_id=9019" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">SNP</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> have backed calls for</span><a href="http://www.thenational.scot/search/?search=Boris+Johnson&topic_id=8996" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Boris Johnson</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> to be sacked after he said that a war-torn Libyan city only has to “clear the dead bodies away” to become a world-class tourist and business destination.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stephen Gethins, the party's foreign affairs spokesman urged the Prime Minister to take action after comments made by the gaff-prone Foreign Secretary at the Tory party conference last night.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The UK government bears a particular responsibility for the situation in Libya given its failure to plan the aftermath of military action in 2011," said Gethins.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The humanitarian disaster that has unfolded in the country since that intervention is rightly seen as one of this governments worst foreign policy failures."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He added: "The Foreign Secretary’s lack of grasp of this dire situation shows that he is completely unfit for the office."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gethins's remarks follow calls from Tory backbenchers and by Labour to sack Johnson who has been accused over the past few days of undermining May's position on</span><a href="http://www.thenational.scot/search/?search=Brexit&topic_id=8997" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Brexit</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Last night Johnson was accused by Labour of being “unbelievably crass, callous and cruel” about those who died in the battle to reclaim Sirte from Islamic State (Isis), after he was asked at the</span><a href="http://www.thenational.scot/search/?search=Conservative&topic_id=8999" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Conservative</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> party conference what it was like visiting Libya as foreign secretary.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Speaking about the potential of Sirte, the Libyan city where Muammar Gaddafi was killed, Johnson drew gasps and embarrassed laughter from the audience as he said: “There’s a group of UK business people, wonderful guys who want to invest in Sirte, on the coast, near where Gaddafi was actually captured and executed as some of you may have seen.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“And they literally have a brilliant vision to turn Sirte, with the help of the municipality of Sirte, to turn it into the next Dubai.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“The only thing they’ve got to do is clear the dead bodies away and then they’ll be there.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Heidi Allen was the first Tory MP to call for Johnson to lose his cabinet job over the Libya remarks.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">She said late on Tuesday that it was “100% unacceptable from anyone, let alone the foreign secretary”, adding: “Boris must be sacked for this. He does not represent my party.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Her Conservative colleague Sarah Wollaston MP joined in the criticism of Johnson adding: “Demeaning jokes about real people murdered in Libya would be crass even from a stand-up; appalled to hear this from our foreign secretary.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This morning Wollaston said on the BBC’s Today Programme that Johnson’s remarks were “crass, poorly judged and grossly insensitive” and said that he should apologise and “consider his position”.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But instead of apologising, Johnson took to Twitter late on Tuesday night to attack his critics. “Shame people with no knowledge or understanding of Libya want to play politics with the appallingly dangerous reality in Sirte,” he tweeted.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-41001431659379667472017-10-02T13:13:00.000+02:002017-10-02T13:13:48.441+02:00SABRATHA KILLINGS 1.10.207 ETC.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span title="Le meurtre de deux dignitaires du clan de Beni Oualid, vendredi dernier, est venu s'ajouter aux combats meurtriers qui opposent depuis deux semaines des groupes rivaux à Sabratha, faisant 26 morts et 170 blessés.">The
killing of two dignitaries of the Beni Oualid clan last Friday was in
addition to the deadly fighting that rival groups have held for two
weeks at Sabratha, killing 26 and injuring 170 others. </span><span title="Des faits préoccupants pour l'Algérie et les autres pays voisins.
">Facts of concern for Algeria and other neighboring countries.<br /></span><span title="Depuis le début de l'année 2016, la crise migratoire a explosé et, avec elle, la peur du terrorisme.">Since the beginning of 2016, the migratory crisis has exploded and, with it, the fear of terrorism. </span><span title="Une hantise que les évènements successifs en France, en Belgique et en Allemagne ont malheureusement étayé.">An obsession that the successive events in France, Belgium and Germany have unfortunately underpinned. </span><span title="On se souvient qu'à l'époque, Interpol annonça que Daesh dispose de 250 000 passeports vierges syriens et irakiens, et que, grâce à ce sésame, 3 000 à 5 000 selon Europol, allaient intégrer les cohortes de migrants aux portes de l">It
should be remembered that at the time Interpol announced that Daesh had
250,000 Syrian and Iraqi virgin passports, and that, according to
Europol, 3,000 to 5,000 were to integrate the migrant cohorts at the
gates </span><span title="'Europe.">'Europe. </span><span title="De là à amalgamer ouvertement les flux migratoires et la menace terroriste, il n'y avait qu'un pas, allègrement franchi par certains pays de l'UE qui n'ont pas digéré le cavalier seul de la chancelière allemande Angela Merkel quand elle «">From
there to openly amalgamate the migratory flows and the terrorist
threat, there was only one step, happily crossed by some EU countries
that did not digest the rider alone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel
when she "</span><span title="invita» un million de Syriens, passant outre le visa Schengen.">invited one million Syrians, overcoming the Schengen visa. </span><span title="Le fait est que le phénomène a atteint une telle ampleur et que le flux s'est concentré dans la Libye voisine où le trafic est devenu une activité fort lucrative, au point de susciter une vive réaction du GNA de Fayez al Serraj mais aussi des autorités">The
fact is that the phenomenon has reached such a magnitude and that the
flow has concentrated in neighboring Libya, where traffic has become a
very lucrative activity, to the point of arousing a strong reaction from
the GNA of Fayez al Serraj but also from the authorities </span><span title="de l'Est.">from the east. </span><span title="La forte recrudescence des candidats à l'immigration, après avoir déferlé sur les frontières grecques et bulgares, s'est orientée vers les côtes italiennes, via la Libye, au point que Rome a multiplié les doléances et les pressions pour obtenir un «droit de">The
strong recrudescence of immigrant candidates, after having swept across
the Greek and Bulgarian borders, turned to the Italian coasts via
Libya, to the extent that Rome has multiplied the grievances and
pressures to obtain a "right of </span><span title="regard» sur les eaux territoriales libyennes.">Libyan territorial waters. </span><span title="Frontex avait ainsi prévu en 2016 un doublement du nombre des migrants (Soudanais, Erythréens, Maliens et Somaliens) depuis les côtes libyennes vers les côtes européennes, soit 300 000 personnes.">In
2016, Frontex planned to double the number of migrants (Sudanese,
Eritreans, Malians and Somalis) from the Libyan coast to the European
coasts, ie 300,000. </span><span title="Environ 800 000 attendaient déjà en Libye, un nombre qui s'ajoute aux 6 millions de Syriens déplacés.
">Around 800,000 were already waiting in Libya, a number that adds to the 6 million displaced Syrians.</span><span title="En 2017, les victoires sur Daesh, aussi bien en Irak et en Syrie qu'à Syrte et Sabratha, en Libye, ont déclenché un reflux de ses combattants vers leur pays d'origine mais aussi vers l'Europe.">In
2017, the victories over Daesh, both in Iraq and Syria, as well as in
Sirte and Sabratha in Libya, triggered an ebbing of its fighters towards
their country of origin but also towards Europe. </span><span title="C'est ce qui a poussé le Club de Berne (alliance des renseignements européens), à mettre en garde contre des attaques simultanées dans plusieurs capitales européennes.">This
prompted the Berne Club (alliance of European intelligence) to warn
against simultaneous attacks in several European capitals. </span><span title="L'Italie avait dès janvier 2017 mis la pression sur le GNA et sur les autorités de l'Est pour les amener à contrôler sévèrement le trafic à grande échelle qui s'est développé, principalement à Sabratha, d'où partent la plupart des embarcations">As
early as January 2017, Italy had put pressure on the GNA and on the
authorities in the East to control severely the large-scale traffic that
had developed, mainly in Sabratha, where most of the boats </span><span title="de migrants.">of migrants. </span><span title="Haftar qui s'est rendu la semaine passée à Rome, après une visite officielle à Tunis, a remis à la ministre italienne de la Défense une liste de matériels de guerre (4x4, jumelles de visée nocturne, hélicoptères, etc.) pour accomplir la">Haftar
who visited Rome last week, after an official visit to Tunis, handed
over to the Italian Minister of Defense a list of war material (4x4,
night vision sights, helicopters, etc.) to accomplish the </span><span title="tâche de surveillance du Sud libyen mais il n'a obtenu que l'assurance d'une formation de quelques dizaines d'éléments aux exigences sécuritaires.
">task of surveillance of the South Libyan but it obtained only the
assurance of a training of a few dozen elements to the requirements of
security.</span><span title="Il se trouve que la guerre contre le trafic de migrants a fait vendredi deux victimes, des dignitaires appartenant à un des clans majeurs du pays.">It
turns out that the war against the smuggling of migrants made Friday
two victims, dignitaries belonging to one of the major clans of the
country. </span><span title="En mission de bons offices pour apaiser les tensions entre bandes rivales, selon des tribus de la région, ils ont été mitraillés à leur retour vers Beni Oualid, à 180 km au sud de Tripoli.">On
a mission of good offices to appease tensions between rival gangs,
according to tribes of the region, they were machine-gunned on their
return to Beni Oualid, 180 km south of Tripoli. </span><span title="Le conseil social des tribus des Ouarfella a dénoncé l'assassinat du «cheikh Abdallah Nattat, chef du comité de réconciliation, du cheikh Khamis Isbaga et de leur deux accompagnateurs», aussitôt suivi par le GNA qui a ouvert une enquête et par le Parlement siégeant">The
social council of the tribes of Ouarfella denounced the assassination
of "Sheikh Abdallah Nattat, head of the reconciliation committee, Sheikh
Khamis Isbaga and their two accompanying persons", followed immediately
by the GNA who opened an inquiry and by the Parliament sitting </span><span title="à Tobrouk.">in Tobruk. </span><span title="Le meurtre de ces deux dignitaires intervenait au moment où des combats meurtriers opposaient des groupes rivaux à Sabratha, faisant 26 morts et 170 blessés.">The
killing of the two dignitaries took place at a time when deadly fights
were rivaling rival groups in Sabratha, leaving 26 dead and 170 wounded.
</span><span title="Des faits préoccupants pour l'Algérie et les autres pays voisins.On le voit bien, la situation reste suffisamment complexe pour penser que la solution serait à portée de main.">Algeria
and other neighboring countries are worrying facts. It is clear that
the situation remains complex enough to suggest that the solution would
be within reach. </span><span title="Le double périple effectué en avril-mai dernier par le ministre des Affaires étrangères Abdelkader Messahel dans la majorité des villes a constitué un temps nécessaire dans la stratégie de médiation conduite par l'ONU et par le Groupe des pays voisins.">The
double journey made in April-May by Foreign Minister Abdelkader
Messahel in the majority of cities was a necessary time in the mediation
strategy led by the UN and the Group of Neighboring Countries. </span><span title="Si Daesh a été chassé de plusieurs cités comme Syrte et Sabratha, il n'en demeure pas moins que le trafic des migrants, aujourd'hui combattu par le GNA et par les autorités de l'Est, a servi de matrice reproductrice au terrorisme à">While
Daesh was driven out of several cities such as Sirte and Sabratha, the
fact remains that the smuggling of migrants, now fought by the GNA and
the Eastern authorities, served as a breeding matrix for terrorism at </span><span title="visages multiples dont les visées concernent notre pays.">multiple faces whose aims concern our country. </span><span title="Aussi, le travail diplomatique incessant ne peut-il être perçu comme un luxe ostentatoire car les enjeux sont primordiaux pour la paix et la sécurité de la sous-région.">Consequently,
incessant diplomatic work cannot be seen as an ostentatious luxury
because the stakes are paramount for the peace and security of the
subregion. </span><span title="La réunion à Tunis, mardi dernier, de représentants des parties rivales libyennes a situé le degré de complexité de la tâche, l'objectif avoué étant de parvenir à un amendement «limité» de l'accord de 2015 pour calmer les ardeurs du maréchal Haftar">The
meeting in Tunis last Tuesday of representatives of the Libyan rival
parties has identified the complexity of the task, with the declared aim
of reaching a "limited" amendment to the 2015 agreement to calm Marshal
Haftar's ardor</span><span title=", de Saleh Aguila, président de la Chambre des représentants et de Abderrahmane Sweihli, président du Conseil d'Etat, tout en maintenant une «légitimité» du GNA soutenu par les milices de Tripoli do">,
Saleh Aguila, President of the House of Representatives and
Abderrahmane Sweihli, President of the State Council, while maintaining a
"legitimacy" of the GNA supported by the militias of Tripoli</span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span> including those of Haythem Tajouri and Abderaouf Kara.</span> <span class="">A
long-term effort is therefore still needed for a political solution to
be reached, an objective that Algeria is pursuing, against all odds,
while providing unbiased support to all the parties involved in the
inclusive dialogue</span> <span class="">, the only possible source of peace for the Libyan people.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">PERSONAL COMMENT </span></span><br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="en"><span class="">LIBYA HAD AN EXCELLENT CONSTITUTION IN 1951. SMALL MODIFICATIONS AND UPDATES <u>MAYBE</u> NECESSARY. THAT IS ALL. </span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-11969970096075158492017-10-01T11:01:00.000+02:002017-10-01T11:01:05.894+02:00UK Ambassador mr Peter Millet notes 30.9.2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="rtejustify">
I had coffee the other day in Algeria Square in
central Tripoli. I was passing by and was invited to sit with a group
of men who kindly offered me some local coffee. It was a good
opportunity to escape from the heat of the sun and hear their thoughts.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
On Saturday I was in Benghazi. Here, I decided to have tea. Again, it was a chance to listen and learn.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
You can’t understand a country unless you can meet
people and find out what is on their minds. In both Tripoli and
Benghazi, the people I spoke to had similar concerns. Number One is
security. In both cities, the situation is a calmer and quieter. But
it is fragile. People are rightly worried about the return of violence,
whether from terrorists, criminal gangs or militias.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
The economy is also top of people’s agenda. It is
truly appalling to see long lines of people outside banks waiting
patiently and with great dignity to try to get some cash. The black
market rate of exchange and the rate of inflation also make the cost of
living increasingly difficult. And the long power cuts are making life
in many parts of the country a misery.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
Life is tough for most Libyans. Yet what they
want is no different from what people want in any country: to live in
peace, put bread on their family’s table, educate their children and
know that they will be looked after if they get ill. Their designs,
desires and demands are the same as those felt by any person in a coffee
shop in London.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
<a class="twitter-timeline-link" href="http://www.libyaobserver.ly/sites/default/files/Peter%20Millett1.jpg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="https://www.libyaobserver.ly/sites/default/files/Peter%20Millett1.jpg" style="height: 333px; width: 600px;" /></a></div>
<div class="rtejustify">
The 17 February revolution was supposed to bring
some sort of new normality to life in Libya. Huge sacrifices were made
to build a better life.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
This was brought home to me dramatically by a man I
met at Tunis airport who told me that both his sons were killed in the
revolution, his wife died of a broken heart and his brother was killed
by Daesh. He called on me to stand by Libya.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
Of course we stand by Libya. We helped protect
citizens in 2011 and we now want to help to bring peace and security to
the Libyan people.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
Appeals for us to help were part of our
conversations in both Tripoli and Benghazi. The people I met all believe
that we have a duty to help and can do more.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
There is a tricky challenge here. People demand
support from the international community but rightly reject interference
in their affairs. Of course: the future of Libya is for the Libyans to
decide. But there is a fine line between interaction and interference.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
The role of the international community is clear.
Interaction means facilitating contact between Libyans, encouraging
agreement and then helping to implement it through the design and
delivery of programmes to help improve the lives of Libyans.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
We are already involved in delivering benefits.
For example, we have funded the Stabilisation Facility for Libya that
has allowed the Government of National Accord to deliver ambulances,
fire engines, solar panels and other tangible benefits in Ubari,
Benghazi, Kikla and Sirte. This work will continue to help rebuild
destroyed communities.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
The same support applies at political level: we
will support the new UN Special Representative Ghassan Salame to amend
and implement the Libya Political Agreement. He too will want to hear
the views of Libyans and understand how best to meet the needs of the
Libyan people.</div>
<div class="rtejustify">
Tripoli and Benghazi are the big cities. I have
also visited Misrata and Tobruq. But I want to go further and meet men
and women in all parts of Libya and hear their views. More coffee and
tea is on the menu.</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-15751897368781759642017-09-23T15:55:00.000+02:002017-09-23T15:55:42.601+02:00WHITE LIBYA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="item_text" id="p_748106_i_0">
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="" style="vertical-align: inherit;">"It
is not easy to be blacks in Libya," said Noah, choosing his words
carefully, and speaking in a low voice, though no one could hear us. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">We were sitting at the tables outside the Sky Bar in Tripoli. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">It was an afternoon of great heat and all customers were seeking shelter inside, with air conditioning. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Noah
comes from Niger, works at the bar with tasks rather vague, like any
other foreigner in Libya, especially the blacks who come from
neighboring African countries. </span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">I
agree with him, but in Libya do not admit it publicly, we continue to
tell us that we are all equal in the sight of Allah, the Islam says,
which in theory is true. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">But
I, he and all the other black people in Libya know that the reality is
very different, because we do not practice what we preach. </span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Noah took me a while 'before deciding that he could trust me and that he could speak freely. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">I had to spend long hours at the bar in the last two months, have a large and reliable source of good internet connection. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Due to the long blackout in Tripoli, that table at the corner of the bar has become my office. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Tripoli sank in the dark, desperate people were queuing outside the banks all day and slept there on the street overnight. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">The gas stations were besieged because of fuel shortages. </span></span></div>
<div class="item_quote">
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">The militia commanders have purged Tripoli from any form of resistance</span></span></div>
<div class="item_text" id="p_748106_i_2">
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Reading
the statements of some Italian officials of Tripoli, I find it
misleading to say that here there are no mass demonstrations against the
shameful agreement with Italy and the arrival of Italian ships in
Libya. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Obviously there are no demonstrations, and there will be none, but not because people approve of all this. </span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Who would complain? </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">There have been rumors to the contrary. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Many
journalists have left Tripoli after they have been victims of threats,
kidnappings and murders, and things are no better for activists. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Who
really keeps order in Tripoli, that militia commanders and not the
puppet government, he has purged the city from any form of resistance or
peaceful opposition. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Words such as human rights and legality are absent from their vocabulary. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">The
puppet government tacitly approves the actions of the warlords, there
is just to sign what they require to sign, to dance on demand and live
with the militias. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">They use the same old trick in Guide to govern Libya: "starves the dog and the dog will follow you." </span></span><br />
<b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Looks lowered</span></span></b><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">
The situation is difficult for everyone, but for Noah things are even worse. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">The
owner of the bar, like all the other owners of shops and bars in Libya,
African blacks forcing workers to work hard for many hours a day. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">They
do everything, from the first hours of the night morning anchor, clean
the windows and tables, wash the floors, carrying boxes and equipment,
they shop, wash their cars and perform any other task may be his
assigned, according to the employers' whim work. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">How to pay, receiving small fractions of the minimum wage, and their passports are requirements as a form of insurance. </span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Another
thing, very important: must always answer "yes sir", can not look the
other person straight in the eye too long or refuse to execute an order.
</span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">At any moment they can be kicked out kicking, sometimes literally. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">They
sit by, invisible, they walk among us with his head down, when your
eyes meet theirs, immediately distract the eye, and unless you do not
smile or greet them will never turn the word first. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">They
live in Libya as if they were in an elevator, embarrassed, avoiding any
eye contact, silent until the elevator doors do not open. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Only at that point they can not get out of the elevator and go back to being normal people. </span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Racism
in Libya has very deep roots, is a part of our history that we tend to
ignore and not from a generation long time will be grown without knowing
it. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Maybe today people are not fully aware, perhaps this is why we are likely to repeat it. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">I never managed to frame accurately these thoughts. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Gloria instead knew exactly how to do it. </span></span><br />
<b><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">The history excluded from the history books</span></span></b><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">
I was going to Venice for the premiere of </span></span><i><a href="https://www.internazionale.it/video/2017/09/07/andrea-segre-l-ordine-delle-cose"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">The Order of Things</span></span></a></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> . </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">They had to go from Tunisia before heading to Italy. </span><span class="" style="vertical-align: inherit;">It
was a year of great traffic, so I could not find a direct flight to
Venice and I was forced to land in Rome and then to go to Padua, where I
spent the night at the home of two of my friends, </span></span><a href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/author/gloria-carlini"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Gloria Carlini</span></span></a><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> and Matteo Calore. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Gloria
graduated in socio-cultural anthropology and ethnology with a thesis on
sex work and sexuality among young slum of Kampala. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Since March of 2014 in the "Shadow of Slavery project in West Africa and beyond". </span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Gloria told me that there are missing parts of the story, parts of which today are not taught to children in school. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">You can not delete these chapters, or pretend they do not exist, just because we do not like. </span><span class="" style="vertical-align: inherit;">So it has taken on the task of telling the children what is excluded from the history books they use in school. </span></span></div>
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<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">I
agree with you, we all tend to amend the story, but in Libya we do very
often, and not only with the early history, even with the most recent
events. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">This is the case of serious clashes antimmigrati in 2000, calls </span></span><i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">slaves revolution</span></span></i><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , which, paradoxically, in our dialect means "revolution against the slaves." </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Crowds of angry people attacked and killed dozens of workers from African countries such as Ghana, Niger, Chad and Nigeria. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">From the town of Al Zawiya the riots have spread throughout the western region of the country, including Tripoli. </span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">But we do not even great efforts to hide this feeling of hostility. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">In
July the government based in Al Beida has established new tariffs for
weddings: a Libyan who wants to marry a foreign woman has to pay five
thousand dinars, a foreigner who wants to marry a Libyan woman has to
pay three thousand dinars, for the Libyans who marry other Libyans the
rates are 50 dinars. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Whatever their justification, it is a punishment for those who do not want to marry a Libyan and a Libyan. </span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Besides
the new decree does not mention at all the possibility of granting the
Libyan citizenship to children of a Libyan woman married to a foreigner.
</span></span><br />
<span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">I wonder if I'll find even Noah when he returned to Libya. </span><span class="" style="vertical-align: inherit;">We
were never able to complete a conversation, they always interrupted,
always had to go do something somewhere else: "Noah come here, go there,
Noah, Noah brings this, Noah clean that." </span><span class="" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Sometimes I thought I would have to call it the "bar Noah." </span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-20073392833244284362017-09-18T07:46:00.003+02:002017-09-18T07:46:54.272+02:00LIBIA 18.9.2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
"Troppi cuochi in cucina rovinano il brodo", ha detto Ghassan Salamé, nuovo capo della missione di sostegno delle Nazioni Unite in Libia, al quotidiano italiano La Stampa all'inizio di questo mese, riferendosi a varie iniziative internazionali per portare la pace in Libia.<br /><br />Certamente ci sono stati molti sforzi. A maggio, gli Emirati Arabi Uniti hanno ospitato un incontro tra il primo ministro del governo della Libia, Fayez al-Serraj, e il comandante dell'esercito nazionale libico, Khalifa Haftar. Il 25 luglio Haftar e al-Serraj a Parigi hanno firmato una dichiarazione congiunta a Parigi. Il 9 settembre si è tenuto un mini-summit dell'Unione africana sulla Libia in Congo-Brazzaville e sono stati anche riuniti olandesi-mediati tra parlamentari rivali e una presunta iniziativa di pace russa. Di tutti questi, Salamé era particolarmente a favore della riunione di Parigi.<br /><br />Da parte sua, l'ONU spera di respirare nuova vita nell'accordo politico libico (LPA). Questo è stato firmato nel dicembre 2015 ma finora non è riuscito a far fronte alla crisi del paese. I dettagli del nuovo piano di Salamé - che prevedono di includere modifiche alla LPA - saranno rivelati questa settimana con una riunione sulla Libia prevista a fianco dell'Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite il mercoledì.<br /><br />Mentre la frustrazione di Salamé è giustificata, le sue proposte rischiano di restare inefficace finché paesi come l'Egitto, la Russia, la Turchia, il Qatar, l'Italia e la Francia prestano servizio al PLA pur sostenendo le loro fazioni preferite sul terreno. La convergenza internazionale su ciò che il futuro della Libia dovrebbe assomigliare è necessaria prima che un affare operabile possa avvenire.<br /><br />Un motivo per cui diversi attori regionali hanno seguito le proprie iniziative diplomatiche è l'inerzia dell'amministrazione di Trump in Libia. La presenza di segretario di Stato Tillerson la scorsa settimana in una conferenza organizzata dal Regno Unito per sostenere gli sforzi di Salamé è un passo nella giusta direzione, ma saranno necessari importanti paesi come l'Italia, l'Egitto, gli Emirati Arabi Uniti, la Turchia, la Russia e il Qatar al tavolo se un accordo UN-backed deve avere persino una possibilità remota di successo.<br /><br />La dichiarazione congiunta molto celebrata firmata da Al-Serraj e Haftar a Parigi due mesi fa riconosce implicitamente il fallimento dell'APL nella sua forma attuale, è improbabile che porti fine al conflitto in Libia.<br /><br />Mentre al-Serraj e Haftar rappresentano i principali rivali della Libia, c'è una miriade di milizie concorrenti e di gruppi tribali e di organizzazioni estremiste come il ramo libico dello Stato islamico. A Tripoli, il governo di Al-Serraj, sostenuto dalle Nazioni Unite, ha un piccolo controllo sulle fazioni che sono nominalmente fedeli ad esso e alcune milizie sostengono il rivale governo di salvezza a Tripoli.<br /><br />A est, l'accordo consente a Haftar di continuare l'offensiva contro il terrorismo. Secondo The Guardian, poco dopo l'annuncio dell'offerta, il partito di Giustizia e Costruzione della Fratellanza Musulmana - un avversario chiave di Haftar - ha segnalato il suo rifiuto dei termini, affermando di rispettare solamente gli accordi colpiti dalla mediazione delle Nazioni Unite e non i colloqui di Parigi convocati dal presidente francese Emmanuel Macron. A causa del peso militare ed economico di tali gruppi, un accordo tra Haftar e al-Serraj non è sufficiente e di per sé; e ogni accordo deve prendere in considerazione gli interessi di questi gruppi locali.<br /><br />Accordo locale, regionale e internazionale su ciò che vorrebbero realizzare in Libia - un prerequisito per un accordo globale di pace mirato da molti - è improbabile che si verifichi quest'anno. Invece di aspettare la creazione di un governo di unità, o di nuove elezioni, la governance economica e i ceppi di guerra locali devono essere affrontati nei colloqui condotti dall'ONU.<br /><br />Come ho già sostenuto, il flusso di cassa dei campi petroliferi del paese è fondamentale non solo per la ripresa economica della Libia, ma anche per la sicurezza. Quasi tutte le principali milizie del paese ricevono salari di stato. Secondo le esperienze della Libia dell'International Crisis Group, Claudia Gazzini, che compie progressi nella gestione e nella sicurezza del campo petrolifero e dei terminali della Libia, sarà un primo passo cruciale per raggiungere un grande affare per la ricchezza petrolifera della Libia e per stabilizzare l'economia fragile del Paese , anche in assenza di un accordo politico ».<br /><br />Mentre i colloqui sulla governance economica potrebbero promuovere un apprezzamento dalle fazioni rivali della Libia della loro interdipendenza, i cessate il fuoco a Tripoli, Bengasi e Sirte potrebbero lentamente iniziare a scoraggiare la miriade di conflitti in Libia. Dopo la sconfitta dei grandi affari negli ultimi sei anni, la comunità internazionale ha più probabilità di vedere la Libia stabile che cerca di essere consegnata attraverso piccoli passi intermedi.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-90056533177390840972017-08-05T14:05:00.003+02:002017-08-05T14:05:46.945+02:00LIBYA BTWN FRANCE & ITALY<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
"In every conflict, regular maneuvers lead to clash and unpredictable victories," said Sūnzǐ, general and Chinese strategist of the 5th century BC. In today's Europe, however, Emmanuel Macron demonstrates and applies this maxim: with the fragile meeting of Paris with President Sarraj and General Haftar for the Libyan solution. A "zombie" move that left many international actors, in particular Italy, one of the protagonists in the area, who had to react not only with a close-knit smile to the gollosis initiative but also with a noisy silence .<br /><br />Italy, which has always sought to be a protagonist in Libya in the economic and diplomatic fields, has come up with a photo memory that in itself has no real value (given the lack of signatures of the two Libyan government authorities) but Certainly a significant political burden in the era of new imperialism on the African continent. Photo taken while all the Italian feluchi, gathered together with Rome, tried to demonstrate the unity and strategic will to achieve ambitious soft power.<br /><br />The new French colonialism seems to be anachronistic, but only the setting and the demonstration of domination have been set aside; The narrative has changed, but the effects are still apparent and the results are far from off. Colonialism in globalized sauce is more subtle, but also shared, given the many interests: from the African-Chinese understanding in the economic and military sphere, to the new Marshall plan in German style and to the new French and US roles in the continent.<br /><br />A series of passages that have changed the genetics of globalization into a form of "political" imperialism veiled by economic interests and stabilization. A sort of "Holy Alliance 2.0" where the rulers, gathered in Brussels, discuss together and jointly to develop a climate of serenity and peace, although in reality everyone in the heart is dominated by an unpressed national revanscism force on the European continent but Completely visible beyond the Mediterranean. I do not think change battlefield and army, while enemies are always the same, either the right path I'm not saying to create a lasting peace but at least to begin solving hiccups.<br /><br />A hypocrisy of the Old Continent that risks bringing the European integration project to a perfect script as if it were a sort of enlarged Weimar republic, while in the rest of the world a campaign of influence is underway to align new interests and give Opportunity to emerge in new global markets, a case for all Angola with its capital Luanda.<br /><br />The case of Libya is once again a Game of Thrones saxophone where diplomacy is showing the best of itself to hide the opposing faces of national unity: on the one hand the influences of Russia and the Arab Emirates, On the other, Turkey and Qatar. A battle for European intellectual intelligence that risks giving a distorted view of the facts and scenarios.<br /><br />The Makronan Empire or the Reich Merkelian are strong cultural manifestations that have very persuasive collective imaginations, but represent not a new colonization, but the protection of their interests in the game of supremacy in the Middle East and Africa.<br /><br />It is well understood that the Libyan script is not just an economic or political game of "home Europe", but a game that can delegitimize a series of deployed forces that are now also looking for new game scenarios to express Their dominant force and their cultural expansion outside continental contexts.<br />
<br />
<b>IN ITALIAN </b><br />
<br />
“In ogni conflitto le manovre regolari portano allo scontro e quelle imprevedibili alla vittoria”, diceva <strong>Sūnzǐ</strong>, generale e stratega cinese del V secolo a.C. Nell’Europa odierna invece è <strong>Emmanuel Macron</strong> che dimostra e applica questa massima: con il fragile incontro di Parigi con il Presidente <strong>Sarraj</strong> e il generale <strong>Haftar</strong>
per la soluzione libica. Una mossa “lampo” che ha lasciato spiazzati
molti attori internazionali, in primis l’Italia, uno dei maggiori
protagonisti nell’area, che ha dovuto reagire non solo con un sorriso a
denti stretti all’iniziativa gollista, ma anche con un rumoroso
silenzio.<br />
L’Italia, che ha sempre cercato di essere protagonista in Libia in
campo economico e diplomatico, si è ritrovata con una foto ricordo che
di per sé non ha una valenza effettiva (vista la mancata firma
dell’intesa delle due autorità governative libiche) ma sicuramente un
rilevante peso politico nell’era del nuovo imperialismo nel continente
africano. Foto ricevuta mentre tutte le feluche italiane, riunite
insieme a Roma, provavano a dare prova di unità e volontà strategica di
conseguire soft power ambizioso.<br />
Il nuovo colonialismo francese sembra essere anacronistico, ma è
stata accantonata soltanto la scenografia e la dimostrazione di dominio;
è cambiata la narrativa, ma gli effetti sono comunque evidenti e gli
esiti tutt’altro che scontati. Il colonialismo in salsa globalista è più
sottile, ma anche condiviso, visti gli interessi molteplici:
dall’intesa afro-cinese in campo economico e militare, al nuovo piano
Marshall in veste tedesca e ancora al nuovo ruolo francese e a quello
statunitense nel continente.<br />
Una serie di passaggi che hanno mutato la genetica della
globalizzazione in una forma di imperialismo “politico” velato dagli
interessi economici e di stabilizzazione. Una sorta di “Santa Alleanza
2.0” dove i regnanti, riuniti a Bruxelles, discutono unitamente e
congiuntamente per lo sviluppo di un clima di serenità e pace anche se
in realtà nel cuore di ognuno domina una forza di revanscismo nazionale
inespresso nel continente europeo, ma del tutto visibile al di là del
mediterraneo. Non credo che cambiare campo di battaglia ed esercito,
mentre i nemici sono sempre gli stessi, sia la strada giusta non dico
per creare una pace duratura ma almeno per iniziare a risolvere problemi
cogenti.<br />
Un’ipocrisia quindi del Vecchio Continente che rischia di portare il
progetto dell’integrazione europea ad una sceneggiatura perfetta come se
fosse una sorta di Repubblica di Weimar allargata, mentre nel resto del
mondo è in corso una campagna di influenza per allineare nuovi
interessi e dare possibilità di emergere a nuovi mercati globali, un
caso per tutti l’Angola con la sua capitale Luanda.<br />
Il caso della Libia rappresenta ancora una volta uno scacchiere in
salsa “Game of Thrones” in cui la diplomazia sta mettendo in mostra il
meglio di sé per nascondere i veti contrapposti all’unità nazionale: da
un lato le influenze di Russia ed Emirati Arabi, dall’altra Turchia e
Qatar. Una battaglia all’insegna dell’ingenuità intellettuale europea
che rischia di dare una visione distorta dei fatti e degli scenari.<br />
L’impero macroniano o il reich merkeliano sono manifestazioni di
culture forti che hanno di per sé immaginari collettivi molto
persuasivi, ma rappresentano non una nuova colonizzazione bensì la
tutela dei propri interessi nella partita della supremazia in Medio
Oriente e in Africa.<br />
Si comprende bene quindi che la sceneggiatura libica non è solo un
gioco economico o politico di “casa Europa”, bensì una partita che può
delegittimare una serie di forze schierate che oggi si trovano anch’esse
alla ricerca di nuovi scenari di gioco per poter esprimere la loro
forza dominante e il loro espansionismo culturale al di fuori dei
contesti continentali.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-22601261461816880352017-07-20T11:04:00.000+02:002017-07-20T11:04:01.344+02:00Seif Al Islam Kadafi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="">Forty-one days after the official release of
Saif al-Islam Kadhafi in Zintan, the son of former Libyan leader has not
yet reappeared. </span>Speculation about its fate will give up for dead. But the reality is different. It does not show for safety reasons. Many people and parties want his head. His supporters are now convinced that NATO, which failed to kill him in 2011, still trying to get his head.
</span></h2>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Despite the intimate conviction supporters of Saif
al-Islam, the West does not see in the person of the younger son of
Mouammar Kadhafi a new leader for Libya. At least for the moment. It
remains claimed by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for war
crimes allegedly committed during the 2011 uprising, but he did not
deliver and lawyers say his case lack of content.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">State secrets holders and with records of some Western
leaders and services, its existence embarrassed and sensitive issues
will sooner or later come out. So, the temptation to silence this potential heir to power in Libya turns out great.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Inside Libya, Islamists seek to exclude him from the political landscape. He knows them perfectly. It was he who freed them from his father's prisons, on condition of leaving the weapons. Weapons were not left in 2011. Saif al-Islam considered that they cheated
despite the dialogue it was established with them.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Currently, the Zintan military council is strongly divided. Al
Ajmi Al Eteiri, head of the brigade in charge to keep Saif al-Islam
and his team is sanctioned Abou Bakr Al Siddik is dissolved. Not only he released Saif al-Islam katiba but this had prevented his assassination several times during his imprisonment.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Osama Joweli, head of the military council of the town
of Zintan and defense minister in 2011, is deemed close to the current
of political Islam. He objected to the release of Saif al-Islam and wanted to get their hands on him without success. Jouayli is suspected to be the ally of Ali Al Sallabi, an Islamist living in Qatar. Former prisoner as an Islamist, he was released by Saif al-Islam itself. Jouayli Sallabi and seek to deliver the CFI.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Blurring role of Qatar</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Informed Libyan sources said that Qatar, with Libyan Islamist Fajr Libya, had tried several times to kill Saif al-Islam. His place of detention was targeted by Aviation several times in 2014 and 2015. Saif al-Islam life owed to leaks.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The sponsors of the assassination of his father will not be quiet with Saif al-Islam at large. The charges then head to Qatar, but also to France that hit the convoy of Libyan leader. Political Islam, he knows.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The Islamists know very well that with Saif al-Islam to power they will have no place they are looking for being in power in Libya. <span class="">They fight with all their might, therefore, to eject it from the country's political scene.</span></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The Libyan press and Internet evoke words they attribute to Saif al-Islam at its release. He would have said he would assign Qatar before Intl Court of Justice for having ordered the assassination of his father.</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="">Against all those who want the head of Saif
al-Islam, to take power or to keep secrets, there are many people
who want to put at the head of the country, and especially the tribes,
founder and influential in Libyan society. </span>These tribes see in Saif al-Islam the next savior and the only person able to lead reconciliation efforts in the country.</span></h3>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-45732290054660366512017-07-12T15:58:00.002+02:002017-07-12T15:58:48.366+02:00LIBYA & USA Jul 2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-159c0b8d-3716-ba00-2c35-7342978883a3" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">According to two sources inside the American administration who spoke with </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CNN,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">in the coming weeks is coming from Washington a new strategy on Libya. At issue there would be a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">policy</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> different from disinterested reading that so far President </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Donald Trump</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> has given the crisis - seen not as a matter of strategic interest to the Americans, but only one hunting camp to strike the remnants of the Islamic State remained in the country after the fall of Sirte, a stronghold. The Americans would intend to re-open the consulate in Benghazi, whose liberation from Islamist groups, jihadists (and some spurious baghdadist) was recently by Haftar forces, and retract the ambassador in Libya, which is now far from the country due of poor safety conditions. Not only that Washington plans to send military advisers and instructors to help the nascent Libyan security forces.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BETWEEN Serraj HAFTAR </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">now it would be in the approval (and therefore by no means definitive) a plan to try a more involved approach even towards the war that divided the country in an attempt to reconcile the warring militias under the umbrella of the government in Tripoli. It is worth mentioning that the UN, since December 2015, has signed an agreement for national reconciliation, supporting a prime minister, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fayez Serraj,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">which despite a forced induction last spring has not had final confirmation of his role, and find obstacles both in the western portion of the country (where there are Islamic faction that does not support it) is in the east, where general </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Khalifa Haftar</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> has set up an ambitious political program that masquerades as anti-terrorism campaign. The complicated situation weighs the presence of the interests of external actors, such as Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Russia, which have provided support to Haftar, and Europe that has sided with Serraj without much conviction. Monday, July 10, the Pentagon chief </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">James Mattis</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> hosted in Washington, in two separate meetings, both the Tunisian prime minister, and Tuesday will see the Italian Minister of Defense </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Roberta Pinotti</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">THE CENTRAL 'LIBYA</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Libyan crisis Italy has immediately tried to build an open position, supporting the UN sector process, but seeking dialogue with the East. And Italians are the first interested in the new American approach, since resolving the Libyan crisis would open by the way the real possibility to intervene in the migration process. Libya is the launching point for human trafficking that ply the Mediterranean, and, despite the agreements sought from Rome, direct intervention in the North African region is impossible until there are political authorities and actual military and capable of administering the country ( all). The new US strategy will still have as a formal goal the fight against terrorism, as the face defeat in Sirte has not canceled the Islamic state from the dial, but has lost it in the southern areas - the ungovernable Fezzan, a no man's land in the hands of local tribes - putting him in contact with the dynamics of the other jihadist groups that run through the Sahel and confuse their own interests with criminal activities (smuggling and trafficking of all kinds, including people).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">US </span>PROJECTS </span></div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But there is also a political side, because the Americans - as mentioned - they are going to re-open the consulate in Benghazi, whose liberation from Islamist groups, jihadists (and some spurious baghdadist) was recently by Haftar forces, and retract the ambassador in Libya, which is now far away from the country because of poor security conditions. Note: the reopening of the Benghazi consulate has a rather symbolic value, because it was closed in 2012 when an attack organized by Al Qaeda militia killed four Americans, including the console </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Chris Stephens</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (an open wound in the US when it comes to Libya ). Also, in Benghazi reinstated would strike up some kind of formal collaboration with Haftar, which controls the area. Washington also plans to send military advisers and instructors to help the nascent Libyan security forces, and could formalize the role of fifty special units sent around the country to gather intelligence on terrorist groups ( "officially" because such teams are already on the ground in Libya for years and play a similar task). If things go well, it can also be the opening of a center of intelligence sharing between Americans and Libyans.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-29169402201573877842017-07-09T17:13:00.000+02:002017-07-09T17:13:56.232+02:00MIGRANTS DILEMA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Only Putin can solve the problem of Italy in Libya. Abandoned, if not derided by Europe, Italy's hands are tied by Triton program and it is doomed to "welcome" migrants. We need a step change in Libya. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Italian hub to Africa: political agreements to govern the phenomenon of migration, but not all." </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This was said yesterday by Italian Foreign Minister Alfano speaking at the first economic forum between Italy and Libya at Agrigento (Sicily-Italy).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Meanwhile, however, the fact is that Libya is the hub of migrants to Italy. An uncertain and short-sighted policy, it is explained in this interview. "Focus on Libya, on this Libya to stem the migrant emergency is a predictable failure."</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As it is happening now Italy's responsibilities are identified. The finger is pointed at the Triton operation, signed by the Renzi government. Right or wrong?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Triton allows to ships operating in the Mediterranean to conduct all migrants to Italy. The consequences are obvious. So far Europe has laid on this principle, washing consciousness with the periodic allocation of increased funds to support the mission. This is no longer enough, so I think it is essential for Italy to insist with Frontex to review the mandate of Triton so as to share in a shared migrants rescued by the various ships of foreign NGOs operating in the Mediterranean. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Europe seems very cohesive in </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">not </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">wanting to implement radical change of pace. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In those days there was much talk of Libya, so often citing unspecified "funds" to be used for emergency management. What can tell us about?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The agreement on migrant signed on 2 February between Gentiloni Serraj contained, among other things, support equipment to the Libyan coast guard with an estimated value of about 800 million euro. Only a fraction, however, was made available. The idea of providing more funds to the "Libyan authorities" to work together in the search and rescue is not feasible in my view without prior stabilization of the political situation and the country's security. Put another way, who are those whom give this money if there is no government? </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Who are the much-cited "Libyan authorities"?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Exactly. The risk would be to see our resources into the wrong hands with all the dramatic consequences that we can imagine. Focusing on Libya, on this Libya to stem the migrant emergency is a predictable failure. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It can be said that the current Libyan political framework, subject to certain developments, is the same as it is outlined in the adjustment phase of the civil war?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In some ways yes. In Libya right now is being a full-blown civil war in the interior areas of Fezzan. Here a few weeks ago near the base of the Shati Brak, controlled by militias linked to Khalifa Haftar, were killed by some Islamist militias, probably out of hand in Serraj, nearly 140 men loyal to the general. There is increasing polarization between the Libyan National Army forces Haftar and some Islamist forces in the area, as happened in 2014 when there was the "split" between Tripoli and Tobruk. This state of things will hardly bring in a new order in the country but just drifting Libya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But if so, is it aware to Italy, especially during the EU presidency and also in 2015, to have dramatically underestimated the gravity of the situation in Libya?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In part, yes. On the one hand Italy, like other European countries, he has certainly taken lightly what was happening in Libya, on the other hand, however, was the actor who most tried to find a solution, probably late, the chaos that now It had degenerated in the country. We were especially those of us who wanted the Skhirat agreements of December 2015 for the establishment of a national agreement Serraj Government and the minister Minniti has worked extensively with the actors in Tripoli to find some solution to the problem of migration. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">From the coasts of Tripoli 90 percent of migrants arriving in Italy. We are the largest oil importer and the only recipient of Libyan gas are Italian and many of the offshore mining activities carried off the capital. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What else could we do? </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Maybe something more and that something more might mean groped to rise to the role of "interlocutors of Tripoli" to mediate an agreement with international allies and regional Haftar. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libya today says it all: the need to use the UNHCR camps as the basis for the rejection of economic migrants, which patrol the coasts to prevent the departures, the agreements to do with African transit countries, the need to intervene intercepting the upstream flow. They are realistic ideas?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It seems clear that at the time we rely very little on Libya. It 'must, therefore, act in another way. In the short and medium term with agreements with countries of origin and transit, where possible, such as Niger to which we have secured 50 million Euros to strengthen their borders.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Europe from this point of view should engage much more in the allocation of funds. But it also serves to act in the long term.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rethinking European policy of development cooperation, which, unfortunately, from the 50s to today was totally bankrupt. However, such policies require a great economic effort and a necessary cohesion in Europe and unfortunately at the moment we lack both. If Italy will be forced to go it alone begging some alms to the reluctant European leaders the problem will never find a solution capable of holding over time.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Serraj looks increasingly weak. And so?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The problem is that Haftar does not enjoy the consensus of the Libyan population majority. There are important Islamist groups, such as the numerous militias from Misrata, who see Haftar just a smokescreen. A solution to be able to hold up over time must therefore be inclusive and involve the largest possible number of actors, even the Tripoli groups. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In concrete terms?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">We can and must still assert our position in Tripoli to groped to broker a deal with the Libyan east pivoting on its international sponsors, Russia above. This, however, should be done before other actors, ahead of all France, they decide for us. If that were to happen we would have thrown away all the effort that in recent years we have put in Libya to recover the primacy position before Sarkozy and Hollande then had knowingly attempted to escape.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Haftar announced last week the capture of entire Benghazi. It will check all of Libya? But above all, it is perhaps what we have to hope for?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Haftar has widened in the territory, consolidated at Benghazi, nevralgic city of Libya. That said, I repeat that is unlikely to be control over the country. A few weeks ago was called into freedom Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, kept in check by the Zintan militias loyal to the east Libya. Perhaps the objective was to consolidate and strengthen the Eastern Front also opening to former Gadafi supporters, still present in the country. And 'soon, however, to make predictions about a possible political role in the country's future. That being the case, a strengthening of Haftar risks exacerbating the minds of Islamist groups. The most plausible scenario is that of a resurgence of fighting in the country.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As it affects the political crisis in the Persian Gulf in what is happening in Libya?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Qatar, unlike his "former friends of the Gulf," said Libyan Islamists. For this to Sisi, an ally of the secular front of Haftar, it dictated that the black list of sponsors of terrorism - drawn from Egypt, the UAE, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia - there were all the enemies on the field of general including former leaders the Libyan Islamic fighting Group Abdelhakim Belhadj and defense Brigades of Tripoli. Without funding from the Qatar these actors are unlikely to last long, encouraging, therefore, the wing of Tobruk. But Turkey, historic ally of tripolini Islamists, could increase the resources, balancing the game. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In your opinion, what should we do with respect to European partners? </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Continue to insist that way is a "regionalization" of the landing of migrants rescued in the Mediterranean and therefore the opening of new European ports, if necessary raising of the voice. And 'necessary to push Europe to sanction countries that have not acceded to the migrants share policy and at the same time extend same policy to new nationality.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And at the international level?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Trump seems little interested in the Libyan issue with Putin party, being a sponsor and Haftar ally. This is why Italy should communicate more with Moscow, to try an intra-Libyan agreement and groped to stem the problem of flows at the start.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">INSHALLA TAMAM</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-29359237875051076412017-07-08T18:23:00.000+02:002017-07-08T18:23:30.844+02:00Marshal Khalifa Haftar 8.7.2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Marshal Khalifa Haftar, the strong man of Cyrenaica, is needed more than ever as a key figure in the Libyan political and military scene. Wednesday, July 5, he proclaimed </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"total liberation"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of the city of Benghazi, where the troops of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Army</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> LNA were fighting </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"revolutionary"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> groups </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - composed of jihadists, but not exclusively - holed up in a few strongholds residual.</span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This battle of Benghazi started in spring 2014, when Khalifa Haftar, former close Gaddafi became exiled dissident in the US, before</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">giving his</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> competence</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> in the 2011 revolution, sparked the offensive dubbed "Karama" ("Dignity") against radical Islamist groups who had engaged in a campaign of assassinations in the metropolis of eastern Libya. Three years later, the military hierarch named for Marshal of the Assembly folded in Tobruk, emerging as a clear winner, but at the cost of destruction and civilian victims denounced as </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"war crimes"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> by its opponents.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The rise of Haftar sharpens the diplomatic dilemma that Western governments face. Witness the</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">controversy</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> that erupted the day after the announcement of the</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> "liberation"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of Benghazi. The UN mission in Libya and the British ambassador in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Libya,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Peter Millett, welcomed in an almost identical language</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> "liberation"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of Benghazi as </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"hope" </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a first step towards </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"peace".</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The formula was not appreciated by opponents of Haftar marshal, mostly concentrated in Tripoli and Misrata (west). Abderrahmane Souihli figure</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">policy</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Misrata and chairman of the State Council, an institution associated with the government of "national unity" sitting in Tripoli denounced the comments of M. Millett as a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"green light"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> given to</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> "rogue"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Haftar to </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"attack"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Tripoli.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This reaction is symptomatic of irritation that grips hostile environments to the marshal before the current inflections among Western diplomats. After</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">having</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> snubbed or worked to his ouster from the command of the ANL, they took note of its military advances over the last year - in Benghazi and the oil Ascending particular - and opted for</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">reinstate</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> in a solution</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">policy</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of the Libyan crisis. This change of foot is especially frowned upon in Misrata, headquarters of the main military force in Tripolitania, where recruiting the most irreconcilable opponents of the marshal.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Realism" displayed by the West, where the imperatives of the fight against terrorism have their place, however, carries the risk of</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">weakening</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> the agreement Skhirat</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Morocco)</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- signed in December 2015 - from which the government of "national unity" to Faïez Sarraj. The Marshal has indeed stopped</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">obstructing</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> the implementation of this new institutional supposed</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> to </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">embody</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> national reconciliation. If the two men met in early May in Abu Dhabi (UAE), they have so far failed to agree on a crisis scenario. Encouraged by its military advances, Haftar barely </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">admit</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> formally his subordination to military authority to a</span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://conjugaison.lemonde.fr/conjugaison/troisieme-groupe/pouvoir/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">civil power. He is encouraged by his inflexibility support - diplomatic, military and financial - it receives from</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> Egypt</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and the United Arab Emirates. With its upward trajectory, he has repeatedly announced that it was preparing to </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"liberate"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Tripoli. The aftershocks of the "liberation of Benghazi" could</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">affect</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> the coming weeks the Libyan capital.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-36457158082237653612017-07-02T11:51:00.001+02:002017-07-02T11:51:56.129+02:00CLANDESTINES FROM LIBYA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Honey words, so many. Concrete support, no one. In essence, a gossip. So Europe's walls and hypocrisy have responded to the Italian demands for a sharing of intervention on the migrant emergency in the Mediterranean, the most ferocious and most deadly route.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Europe remains hostage to the North axis, the one that has always looked at the southern shore of the Mediterranean as a threat and never as a crucial geopolitical place of cooperation. A short-sighted Europe can not focus on events that are marking North Africa, with the common trait of instability that is becoming more and more explosive. Starting with Libya. To intervene in a failed state, with a government ridden in a naval base in Tripoli, driven by a prime minister whose authority is zero. To pretend to show the muscles, even "alone" with a naval block, in a country where there are 200,000 armed men under countless flags, more than an avant-garde choice is a huge idiocy. That would be tragic if you tried to implement it. Because Libya, apart from some terrestrial exhibitions of leather heads of various nationalities (a handful of Italians), was and remains a land of nobody, in search of the paradoxes of History, of a "new Colonel" or, if We want to update, an Erdogan model "Sultan", not so much to stabilize the unstable, but to take on the role of "Gendarme" of the central Mediterranean.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In this unmistakable puzzle, Italy tries to exercise the diplomacy of the "two cards": on the one hand, supporting the premier architect-al-Serraj without removing from the table the "card" Haftar, the strong man of Cyrenaica, Independent General who holds the Tobruk Parliament - the only internationally recognized, the one in theory favorable to Serraj - and which moves to the close dependence of its external protector: the "Pinochet of the Pyramids", President-General Abdel Fattah -Yes, yes. The Libyan version of the "Turkish model" - a police state at the service of wall and hotspot-lager - is therefore Khalifa Haftar, a former Gaddafi servant, who is now armed with a well-trained, armed army , And supported by Egypt of al-Sisi and the United Arab Emirates. Haftar while politically holding Tripoli, he focuses on his armed forces in Cirenaica, with two goals: getting rid of the Shura Council of Revolutionaries in Benghazi and liberating Derna. At the moment for the "general" fight Isis is the last of the problems. In the first place, there is the hated Serraj.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"It does not spring off Haftar," notes Angelo Del Boca, the most authoritative historian of Italian colonialism in North Africa - because he is well aware that if he recognizes the authority of the new "premier," he will never be the leader of the new Libya Aspirated to become. "</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Other than stabilization: Libya is everybody's war against everyone. The Islamist militias of Tripoli and Misurata, who enjoy the support of the desert berbers, against those of Zintan allies of Haftar. The same strong man of Cirenaica begins to lose pieces. As for the "unifying" premier, it is difficult to see him in these ways when even in the capital of his government, Tripoli, hostile militias and war against one another control entire neighborhoods and even the airport. Insecurity reigns supreme. In my opinion, not only are the many lords of the war in the field, but the long queues in Tripoli in front of the banks: the cash is scarce, the change of the dinar is in free fall. And as it is not enough, in addition to the two rival governments in eastern and western Libya there are also two central banks. No illusion of constructing, on the debris of the wicked war of 2011, a state of law, when it is already a business to imagine Libya of the future can still be a semblance of a unified state, as powerful regional actors work hard for the Tripartite territory with the constitutions of three protectors: Tripolitania, Cirenaica, Fezzan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On the jihadist side, the most fearsome pitfalls come from the Qaedists of Ansar Al Sharia - which can count on at least 5,000 militants, deployed between Benghazi and the Islamic State. Around Hon, the chief town of the district of Giofra between Sirte and Sebha, some training camps were created to accommodate and train fighters from Sahel and Senegal and Boko Haram men who are making a decisive boost to Isis's staff in Libya. Moreover, one of the main goals of al-Baghdadi in Libya is precisely this: to increase the troop and to enlist new fighters. Raising in Central-South Libya allows Isis to penetrate illegal smuggling and trafficking channels and exploit them by accessing new resources. Exactly what happened in "Siraq". Today, the strength of the Islamic state in Libya can be estimated at about 8,000.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">By Arnaldo Guidotti 30.6.2017</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-71235360682634873272017-06-28T12:05:00.000+02:002017-06-28T12:05:03.243+02:00LIBYA PICTURE 28.6.2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A power outage that propagates over 1500 km in one of the most dangerous areas of the planet can be caused by a police action to catch fuel thieves? Usually not, but in Libya every action can cause unimaginable consequences.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In January, the National Oil Company - the state company that controls the Libyan oil - has accused the mercenary militia which guarantees the safety of the refinery in Zawiya to steal fuel and sell it on the blackmarket.Zawiya, 30 km west of Tripoli, is a hub of strategic importance along with the nearby Mellitah because there converge all pipelines and gas pipelines connected with the oil fields and gas of Tripolitania and Fezzan. From there the oil takes off on oil tankers and the gas plunges along the pipeline Greenstream (operated at 75% Eni, 25% owned by NOC) across the Mediterranean to get to the surface in Gela.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In retaliation, the militia has shut down the power plant adjacent doing almost completely skip the electrical grid and causing the largest blackout Libya who has lived for the past six years.The message was clear: if the mercenary militias they see a threat to their source of illegal income, do not hesitate to unleash retaliation and neither the NOC nor the UN-backed government can help it.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">When analysts seek to identify the causes of the endless vicious cycle of instability crisis-war-truce afflicting Libya, often focus on political processes and neglect the main driver of this cycle: an oil-driven economy.This represents the greatest obstacle to exit the loop to achieve a stable peace guaranteed by a recognized government.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The chain of events that led to the blackout record before we were talking about is just an example of complex network of tribes, factions and interests which holds together - but at the same time dries up - the country's resources. An example that demonstrates the weakness of institutions, both political and economic; but also full control that each militia or tribe holds within its territory.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is clear that the weakness of the country has consequences outside: in this no man's land terrorist organizations thrive and can count on huge territories within which hide and train themselves. But they can easily maintain and accumulate fortunes with the desperate trade towards Italy, with smuggling of oil and weapons.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To effectively help the country, we need to understand the origins of chronic crisis of authority afflicting Libya and - in particular - need to understand the economy of oil-driven war that feeds instability.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To effectively help the country, we need to understand the origins of chronic crisis of authority afflicting Libya and - in particular - need to understand the economy of oil-driven war that feeds instability</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The constant competition among the many rival factions has seriously eroded the very credibility of state institutions. Neither of the two main antagonists governments can demonstrate the authority of a popular mandate nor offer real state services.The National Government Agreement (GNA) has the support of the UN and much of the international community, but was not elected or ratified by the House of Representatives, elected in 2014 and based in Tobruk. Therefore, the Libyan judiciary has not recognized the GNA. Meanwhile, the mandate of the House of Representatives - backed by Egypt and the UAE - has expired. The House itself has voted for the mandate to self validate itself obviously arousing the GNA wrath. But who holds the real power are not the two rival governments, but the National Oil Company (which controls wells and refineries, and thus the wealth of the country), the Central Bank of Libya (which controls the treasure) and LIA (Libyan Investment Authority) which owns 50 or 60 billion € in foreign countries.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The first two of these three organizations have resisted assimilation attempts by the two governments and the division into two parts keeping a balance between both sides. The NOC is now at loggerheads with the GNA which seeks to divest by the monopoly of hydrocarbons. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Central Bank of Libya, meanwhile, is still able to discharge its functions paying public sector wages and providing energy subsidies, but it is at odds with the GNA on how to counter inflation and the growing chasm that has formed between Official exchange rate of the Libyan dinar against the dollar and the existing one on the black market.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Instead, LIA faces a vertical fracture caused by the two antagonistic leaders: Abdulmajid Breish and Ali Mahmoud Hassan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On February 5, Breish entered in the Tripoli office with a court ruling annulling the mandate conferred by GNA to Hassan.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On May 8, Hassan is back in the building with a GNA confirmation and he was finally chased away again on the 24th of the same month by an appellate ruling of Libyan Supreme Court, which annulled the confirmation. In recent weeks the situation has worsened and is now the militia that controls access to</span><a href="http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2017/466" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">decide which of the two</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> opposing factions can enter the building.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In this vacuum of power, who can snatch what they find. Armed groups have occupied the oil infrastructure and formally became militias paid to protect themselves. And do not go for the thin: last year the gang led by Ibrahim Jadhran has secured $ 42 million from GNA to cancel the oil boycott between Sirte and Benghazi. On 23 April this year Sadiq el-Kebir, the governor of the Central Bank, estimated that boycotts by militias had caused losses of more than 160 million $.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But in addition to protecting mafia-style there are other techniques to strip the flesh off what remains of the country: at the beginning of this year the National Prosecutor has estimated that theft and smuggling of fuel have caused overall losses of 3.5 billion dollars.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The classical technique consists in the theft of fuel, in its subsequent smuggling in neighboring nations and, from here, in its access to the network of official channels.But now, in the total inability of the NOC to control the flow of crude oil and fuels, are in place more sophisticated techniques to transferring hydrocarbons directly from the refineries to the European market without any administrative interference.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Of course, even the smuggling proceeds of hydrocarbons are subject to extortion, corruptions and concussions.There</span><a href="https://www.libyaobserver.ly/exchange-rates" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">increasing divergence</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> between the official exchange rate (one $ should be equivalent to 1.4 LD, but today on the black market it takes 8.2 dinars to buy a $) allowed massive gains to those who are able to have currency foreign official rate and then sell it on the blackmarket. And this, of course, increases the inflationary spiral same multiplying the gains of traffickers and bringing down the purchasing power of citizens.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">With the use of false letters of guarantee credit, the bands are enriched by exploiting opportunities arbitrage between the official exchange rate and the realone.The technique adopted plans to credit by the Central Bank of the letters issued to guarantee the payment of goods in $, but are systematically traded fewer goods than those agreed and $ received in excess of the official exchange rate to end up on the black market or out of the country. And not talking about small change: according to a</span><a href="http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2016/209" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">UN report</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> only Haithem al-Tajouri, the head of one of these militias, extorted the Central Bank letters of credit for twenty million dollars.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Liquidity crisis, galloping inflation and inability of the state to provide goods and services to citizens are the ideal elements for the development of smuggling. All goods are imported illegally and sold on the black market</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">but extortion arecommonplace.The militias kidnap bankers or more bank customers when they do not directly to be open and to clean up the coffers. This causes the flight of investors, but also a liquidity crisis leading to print more money and make flying inflation which is now estimated to be between 30 and 40%. The system can not last long in a nation where most citizens receive salaries or subsidies from the state and that all matter but only oil exports.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Liquidity crisis, galloping inflation and inability of the state to provide goods and services to citizens are the ideal elements for the development ofsmuggling.All goods are imported illegally and sold on the black market. The most profitable commodity</span><a href="http://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/global-initiative-human-conveyor-belt-human-smuggling-in-libya-march-2017.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">it is human</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> flesh, operated by criminal networks offer the desperate chance to escape to Europe to substantial price of all remaining assets held.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Traffickers must in turn pay the militias transit rights on their territory (2 to $ 25 each) and the latter shall directly to strip immigrants of assets that still carry.Calculating that only in 2016 were registered 181,000 sailings to Europe, Global Initiative estimates a business that fluctuates</span><a href="https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/2017/libya" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">between 275 and 350</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> million $.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In conclusion, the Libyan war is draining the economy still present resources of the institutions for the benefit of individual gangs and militias that reinvest the money subtracted paying new militiamen and buying newweapons.It 'clear that the same gangs and militias that proliferate in this power vacuum hinder by all means any attempt to unify the state and alternately allied with the two contenders the government of Prime Minister Fayez al-Serraj and the army of General Khalifa Haftar in order to keep the two antagonists as possible in balance.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A way out has been proposed by Mahmoud Jibril,who headed the National Council for the Libyan Transition. Jibril is convinced that the only way out steps in a general amnesty for all the gang leaders and militia, tax exemptions and also of land offered to militants to force them to keep their budget within the nation itself. But not necessarily a cure, albeit drastic, may work for one patient moribund as the Libyan state.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Saturday, June 25 a new piece was added to the design of General Khalifa Haftar to gain complete control of eastern Libya with almost total occupation of the city of Benghazi. The troops of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libyan National Army</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> under his command, after three years of hard struggle have conquered the neighborhood of Souq Al Hout, one of the last positions held by the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Benghazi Defense </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Brigade,an Islamist militia that, with the financial support of Qatar, was successful in 2014 to take control of the city from which he had started the revolt against Muammar Gaddafi's dictatorship in 2011.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The defeat of the Islamists of Benghazi is probably no stranger to the total blockade imposed by Saudi Arabia, the Gulf states and Egypt to the Emirate of Qatar, accused not only of supporting Islamist terrorism and extremists of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Muslim Brotherhood</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> in North Africa and the Middle East, but also to entertain ambiguous cooperative relations with the Shiite regime of the Iranian ayatollahs.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For two weeks, ever since the blockade was imposed in Doha, all the clandestine funding streams and logistical support to militias in Libya, Syria and Iraq are fighting for the establishment of the Islamic Caliphate broke down. The loss of Benghazi is one of the first and most obvious consequences of this, given that the general is Egypt's privileged ally of President Al Sisi, one of the main regional players in the war on Islam Salafi and one of the instigators diplomatic-offensive trade Partnership against Qatar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">While Haftar consolidates its control over the region, in the name and on behalf of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">House of Representatives</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of Tobruk, the parliament of Cyrenaica is determined not to be regarded as legitimate government in the Tripoli from Fayez Serraj. In this impasse, the United Nations has decided to appoint a new special envoy in the country, in an attempt to give new impetus to the reunification process of the factions that continue a civil war of "low intensity" to take complete control of Libya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Another new UN envoy, Salame replaces Kobler</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On June 20, the UN Security Council appointed former Lebanese minister of culture, Ghassan Salame, new special envoy for Libya, replacing the German Martin Kobler. Kobler had been in office for two years, since he had been called to take over the spagnolo Bernardino Leon who had distinguished himself in the negative, for its total failure to address in a coherent and rational the chaotic situation in which Libya was precipitated after the bloody ouster of Gaddafi.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In an effort to make a positive change to the situation in Libya, in December of 2015 Kobler had staked everything on the formation of a "National Accord Government" directed by Fayez Serraj under UN supervision. The experiment failed: the solution imposed from above by the UN was not accepted by the vast majority of the field and Serraj forces landed in Tripoli in March 2016, it is not even able to take full control of the capital, where his authority is routinely questioned by militias of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libyan Alba,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the Islamist faction under the command of "premier" of Tripolitania, Khalifa Gwell.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Serraj, in an attempt to reassert his authority, on June 22 appointed military commanders of two of the three areas in which the country was divided. The General Osama al Jawili command the western, while his colleague Mohammed Al Hadad will go the the central command. No general was appointed commander instead dell'aera East, where that law only the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Libyan National</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Army Haftar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is, however, purely theoretical commands, because Al Serraj does not have sufficient forces to eliminate Islamist militias, tribal forces and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">LNA</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> or political authority to bring these aggressive military formations under its control.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The role of the son of Gaddafi</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The situation of the "National Accord Government" Tripoli has become even more precarious after his release from prison where he was held since 2011 by one of the sons of the dictator Gaddafi, Saif Al Islam. The son of the colonel was under the control of a Zintan militia, area theoretically under the jurisdiction of Al Serraj government, and was released on June 11 following an amnesty decreed by the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">House of Representatives</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of Tobruk, the parliament of Cyrenaica which so far has refused to recognize the government imposed by the UN.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi still enjoys the support of the Tuareg tribes have always been faithful to his father's family, and may therefore induce them to line up alongside Al Khalifa Haftar making further tipping the balance of power in favor of the general Tobruk.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Now that Martin Kobler, German and pragmatic, has been replaced by Ghassan Salame - a former Lebanese minister coming from a country multi-denominational and torn by decades of internal tensions on ethnic and religious basis, should have experience and know how sufficient to adequately address the Libyan quagmire - it opens perhaps the last chance for the international community to resolve the Libyan crisis, before having to surrender before the disappearance of a unified Libya and its final breakdown in its three components historical, Fezzan, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, ie the ancient Wilayat of the Ottoman Empire.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-73584469195468626392017-06-23T11:45:00.000+02:002017-06-23T11:45:02.679+02:00SERAJ COMPLAINS UN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Wednesday 21.7.2017 the European Parliament hall hosted protagonists of migration management in the Mediterranean met at an international conference on migrants. Two days before the start of the work of the European Council of 22-23 June, the president of the European Parliament Antonio Tajani wanted to discuss immigration program guidelines and take stock of the results achieved.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In his introductory speech, Mr Tajani acknowledged as "the face of this tragedy that worries our fellow citizens of Europe can sometimes appear weak, even indifferent," adding that "the current system of division of refugees has failed. In the last five years the union has had over 3,6 million applications for asylum, only 2.5 million between 2015 and 2016 ". To remedy the weakness of the reception system, the European Parliament will try to launch by July 2017 , "a reform that aims to redistribute in an automatic asylum seekers from countries with excess demand and to harmonize across the EU the criteria to apply for kindergarten".</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For initial greetings have been joined by the European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker,who wanted to commemorate the achievement of a set goal for many years, that of a European coast guard, flanked by Operation Sophia led by Admiral Enrico Credendino. For the diehard critics of reception policies, the Luxembourg asks not forget "that behind the figures and statistics bare there are women and children who would have preferred to stay at home rather than take the road of an uncertain exile." To solve the root of the travel drama of hope, the European Commission proposed "an outside investment plan for Africa and the Neighborhood" hoping "the timeliness of the co-legislators to ensure that this fund will be operational in a short time."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But much of the institutional greetings of Presidents had expected the intervention of the Libyan Premier (or at least, the Libyan government recognized by the international community) Fayez al-Sarraj. He launched a heartfelt appeal to EU Members to do even more than hitherto for Libya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The fact his country "does not have the means to manage these flows by itself" neither has the tools "to ensure a minimum of health services" to migrants in camps in Libya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In these hotpot, assures the High Representative for the CFSP Federica Mogherini,people are held "in dramatic living conditions." On a positive note in the Libyan scenario is the (too) slow establishment of a new coastguard, that without adequate means, and hindered, as pointed out by the Libyan premier, by "drug trafficking that overlap the trafficking in human beings human ", saved in recent months 23,000 lives. Sarraj has repeatedly said the gratitude of Tripoli to the Italian Government, which signed a protocol with the Libyans "fundamental to better manage flows through efficient electronic platform."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet shipwrecks off the Libyan coasts continue to be the order of the day, the last Monday when 130 migrants set sail on a raft, only 4 were still breathing while a fishing boat picked them into the sea. The 90 million of EU Fund for Africa are not enough to restore financial stability in Tripoli and political authority to manage the return and fight the smugglers. For this the Sarraj speech ended with a point against the UN, which does not decide to suspend trade sanctions against Libya, blocking economic recovery: "Two weeks ago we presented an official request to the UN for lifting the embargo against Libya to allow us to more effectively lead the fight to migration flows. We ask the European Parliament to support this request ".</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-24480025106886341382017-06-21T11:17:00.002+02:002017-06-21T11:17:49.719+02:00GADAFI TREASURE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nearly six years after his death, the shadow of Mouammar Kadhafi still hangs over Libya. In October 2011, the bloody end of the former dictator had marked the end of the resistance from government forces after nine months of civil war. But the embers had been quick to turn on in a country torn among ethnic groups, tribes and clans since the fall of the "Guide". Since 2014, which is sometimes called the "Libyan Civil War" has seen to three self-proclaimed governments and several jihadist groups including the Islamic State. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The noise of weapons also conceals another ghost of Gaddafi: the huge treasure he had managed to send out of Libya before falling. These hundreds million have excited dozens of treasure hunters, but also the different factions sharing power between Tripoli and Benghazi. We were writing here in 2015 how individuals had set out to find scattered riches of the Gaddafi family worldwide.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Diamonds fantasized</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"By some estimates, this windfall made of gold, bundles of dollars or diamonds amounted to nearly 150 million €. But no one laid hands on since the revolution", </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">explained at the time US site The Daily Beast, </span><a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/hell-tell-you-where-to-find-gaddafis-missing-billionsif-he-gets-his-cut" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">which published a lengthy investigation on the</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> subject. In any case the assertions of the US authorities which estimated rather the evaporated Gaddafi "treasure" to 800 or 900 million $. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2013, South Africa officially recorded</span><a href="http://www.fin24.com/Economy/SA-to-return-Gaddafi-billions-20130613" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">the handover to the Libyan government about 780 million dollars</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> deposited by the Gaddafi family in the country's banks. No trace of diamonds or gold bars however. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But a new report of the Security Council of the UN </span><a href="http://www.fin24.com/Economy/SA-to-return-Gaddafi-billions-20130613" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">published early in June</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> claims that hundreds of millions of dollars sheltered by the ousted dictator had so far escaped the UN investigators were able to trace the path of some large wads of cash.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Investigations revealed that even more money than what was estimated was first sent to South Africa through financial institutions. Information revealed in 2016 shows that 800 million dollars were transferred to an account of the South African bank Standard Bank to another of Stanbic Bank </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kenya, "says the Quartz news site which relies on data from UN report. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Business in Ouagadougou</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Another part of the loot was traced in West Africa. Investigators of the UN Security Council said they were alerted at least by six people about attempts to return the money in Libya. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"In one case, the UN report cites 560 million dollars in 100 bills that were hidden in steel boxes somewhere in Ouagadougou, capital of Burkina </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Faso," notes Quartz site. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The money would have been stored waiting to be returned to Libya by a local Burkinabe company, International Transportation Company convoy, which had received a commission from 10 to 15% of the sum to effect the transfer. The Burkina government has denied the existence of this company yet it has a mailing address in Ouagadougou according to the UN. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The best way to collect a sum of Gaddafi treasure is perhaps to "participate" in his return. </span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-59204016234118540952017-06-14T11:18:00.000+02:002017-06-14T11:18:08.320+02:00UN Security Council resolution 2357 helps but does not solve situation in Libya <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Across the general Haftar, backed by Russia, Egypt and UAE. Amid an uncertain environment, where everyone is fighting for their interests but not for the political stability of Libya. Meanwhile, we are still looking for a replacement special UN envoy Martin Kobler on the Libyan issue is going around, but again nothing has changed. The future of Libya continues to worry UN, where two of the Security Council meeting in seven days and a resolution no. 2357 voted on Monday 12.6.2017 may not be enough to unravel the thread of a drawing which appears more and more tangled. Libya is still an unstable country with a weak government and a victim of a risiko that, if poorly played by the powers of the world, could set off an already teetering, where wrecks are on the agenda.</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">On the one hand Fayez al-Sarraj, who was appointed head of government under an agreement among some Libyan factions in December of 2015 and recognized by the international community, he continues to "control" Tripoli from the western part of the country. Across Khalifa Haftar, the general funded by Egypt and supported by Russia under his control is the eastern part of Libya and its base is in Tobruk. In the middle of a current of intertwined interests, which also stars some of those countries that on the morning of Monday12.6 voted unanimously the UN resolution. A document made possible by the mediation of the UK which aims to stabilize the situation in Libya through an arms embargo, after the recent violations with respect to a first resolution, passed by the Security Council months ago.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Mediterranean, especially along the coasts of Libya, is facing multiple challenges: trafficking in human beings and smuggling of weapons, as well as the smuggling of oil and other products. All this feeds the volatility of the situation in the country and can worsen the duration and complexity of the crisis in Libya - said in his explanation of vote</span><a href="http://www.italyun.esteri.it/rappresentanza_onu/it/comunicazione/archivio-news/2017/06/consiglio-di-sicurezza-meeting_19.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation VincenzoAmendola,</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> during the Security Council on Monday 12. The stabilization of Libya is the best way to address this issue: Italy is convinced that this strategy can work through the President's support Council (al-Sarraj, ed) and made possible by institutional structure</span><a href="http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52845#.WT8TBhM19E4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Libyan Political Agreement (LPA)</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">".</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And it is Italy, in fact, at risk of having the strongest collateral damage from other people risiko. Since the end of 2015 that Italians executives are supporting the government of national unity headed by Libyan al-Sarraj, with the aim of ensuring stability in the whole region, a lost stability after the Arab Spring and the death of General Gaddafi. Italy is obviously considered one of the most important players on the Libyan issue, and it is no coincidence that to attend the vote on the resolution in 2357 there was the undersecretary Amendola, the only country in the Council of 15 to show up with a member of his government and not with UN ambassador. An important political signal, but insufficient to improve the situation.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Also because the support to al-Sarraj, today, is anything but unanimous. If Russia and Egypt have explicitly positioned on the side of General Haftar, the United States continue to stand by the window as a few months ago:</span><a href="http://www.lavocedinewyork.com/news/primo-piano/2017/04/20/trump-a-doppia-facciata-ammira-litalia-ma-alla-fine-umilia-gentiloni/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Bilateral meeting April</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">between the US president and the Italian prime minister Donald Trump Paolo Gentiloni, Trump had thrown the stone pretending to support Italy on the Libyan front, only to withdraw her hand and declare not to see "a US role in Libya: we are too engaged on other fronts. " And there's more. Because on the one hand the United Kingdom and France support the government so al-Sarraj (as evidenced by the words of the ambassadors on the 2357 resolution), but continue to support him in a less convinced Italy. While on the other hand, the Libyan situation has come to break the balance even in the Middle East. The UAE in fact, who have recently isolated by Saudi Arabia, Qatar, accusing him of supporting terrorist groups in Libya, are the focus of</span><a href="http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2017/466" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">a recent report by the UNSC (United Nations Sanctions</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Committee). Nearly 300 pages "silent" in which UN Commission explains,</span><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2017/06/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">AlJazeera.com as</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> reported, that UAE are providing direct and indirect support to the Libyan National Army of which General Haftar is the head, and that allowed the alternative movement to Sarraj government to strengthen its presence in Libya.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Against the background of this battlefield where everyone is fighting without admitting it and where the instability in Libya seem to suit a lot more stability, the UN presents the challenge for peace showing weaker countries. Despite the resolution adopted on the embargo of arms, in fact, UN is still looking for a new special envoy to Libya: the mandate of Martin Kobler will expire by the end of June but is still obscure the identity of who will replace him. And despite Kobler highlights the need </span><a href="http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56928#.WT7cvBM19E4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">"not to compromise the basic principles that unite us and make us</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> human,"the game in Libya continues to appear less and less human: with Egypt, Russia and UAE on the one hand, Italy with weak sheltered UN umbrella, the other and USA in the middle, to make it even more uncertain a context of strange alliances and interwoven interests.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04151977871361325491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5865096516106841421.post-75612235196629448782017-06-13T07:57:00.003+02:002017-06-13T07:57:57.980+02:00LIBYA: LUTTWAK PHONE REPORT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
We reached by phone old friend Edward Luttwak, military analyst, economist and politologist; since 2004 he is a consultant to the Washington International Strategic Studies Center. He is also a consultant to the US Ministry of Defense, the National Security Council, and the US Department of State. He is a member of the National Security Study Group of the Department of Defense and works at the Treasury Department, more precisely the Institute of Fiscal and Monetary Policies. He is a member of the Italia-Usa Foundation.<br />With him we talked about the Libyan crisis.<br /><br />- Luttwak, in short: what kind of approach must Italy have with Libya?<br />"Approach? No, Italy must invade Libya, should do it tomorrow, what do you expect? "<br /><br />- But professor, invade with force?<br />"And what else? Do you have armored divisions? Use them! Why do you keep them in the barracks? Let us the generals over the age of 55 ... the rest in Libya. "<br /><br />- Professor but it would be aggression to a foreign state ...<br />"Which state? Libya is a constellation of tribes, I'm sorry that the efforts of your Minniti (Italian Min Interior) are out of the ordinary. Needless to be pervading: it takes military who handle the territory, heavily armed. "<br /><br />- How many men for such a mission?<br />"Everyone you have, for you Italian, Libya is the backbone of your economy, too close to leaving it on the grip of gangs. Libyans, like Somalis, will hardly manage without Western leadership. "<br /><br />- But the Italians?<br />"if I were Italian would not pay more than a penny ... spend my money for the national interest of others? But in what other country of the world is it so? Tell me…".<br /><br />- And welcome? We cannot let people die at sea, is it okay?<br />"Hospitality? But even if third class country like Turkey save lives and then take them to your shores, or even worse, deliver them to your navy forces. Do they take humanitarian awards at home and what is left for you? Huge cost to handle it all. "<br /><br />- And with NGOs?<br />"With NGOs it is not necessary to deal with, they have not been sovereign. Are you currently doing a favor? Absolutely not, you have everything to lose. If they want to help distribute migrants across the Mediterranean. Do you realize they are based on you? What do you do with the Libyan coasts? "<br /><br />- Let's go back to the mission.<br />"The mission must be traditional, invasion and garrison. Occupation of all strategic areas, from infrastructure to industrial poles. You have an army capable of supporting this kind of operation, this time with diplomatic cleverness you are not going anywhere. Libya in this state for Italy is an economic vortex, do you expect the Egyptians to invade the Libyan territory? At that point you will be cut off and you will pay your iniquity. "<br /><br />- However, intervening involves risks in human terms, very high ...<br />"True, but do the military serve to preserve national interests or else what do you need for the army?"<br /><br />With this question, which is complex to give answers, we leave it to Luttwak, who reiterates the use of conventional force for the Libyan question. The analyst surely, in his extreme pragmatism, reminds us of the evident Italian immobility of the last three years.<br />
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